Table 2

Survey tool and pilot testing results

VariableItemsAlpha (α)
RewardIntrinsic Rewards
  1. I feel that my restaurant owner treats workers nicely

  2. I feel that my supervisors respect my working time and effort

  3. I feel I am warmly welcome to work in this restaurant

0.85
Extrinsic Rewards
  1. I can receive overtime payment if I continue working

  2. I can receive some gifts from the restaurant as a reward for an outstanding worker

  3. I can receive top-up money when I can bring more tourists to eat at our restaurant

0.77
Work Motivation
  1. I believe that I can learn a lot about running a family-owned restaurant

  2. I think I can develop multi-skills when working in this restaurant

  3. I think working in this restaurant can help me improve my foreign language skills for communication with foreign tourists

  4. I believe that this restaurant gives me experiences and chances to be a professional worker in the future

0.81
Job Stress
  1. I feel uncomfortable about the current work environment

  2. I feel that the working processes are unorganized

  3. I often face toxic communication with my co-workers

  4. Overall, working in a family-owned restaurant makes me stressed

0.90
Job Satisfaction
  1. I think working in this restaurant is the right decision

  2. I am quite happy to serve tourist customers in this restaurant

  3. I like the working environment of this restaurant

  4. I think working in this restaurant is an enjoyable working experience

0.88
Burnout
  1. I feel emotionally drained from my work

  2. After work, I have no energy left in my body

  3. I feel tired when I get up in the morning and have to go to work

  4. I think my health condition is weaker than before

  5. I have become less interested in my work since I started this job

  6. I have become less enthusiastic about my work

  7. I am doubtful whether this work contributes anything to my career development

  8. Now I have no interest in working with my co-workers

0.94
Source(s): By authors

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