Table 1 Migrant remittances, governance...

Table 1

Migrant remittances, governance and access to electricity

	ACE	GOV	CORR	POL	RQ	VA	RL	GE
GDP	−2.559*** (0.747)	−6.338*** (0.952)	0.621 (0.634)	−6.338*** (0.952)	−2.136*** (0.701)	−2.577*** (0.623)	−2.680*** (0.572)	−2.053*** (0.662)
FPI	0.0673*** (0.0240)	0.0264 (0.0163)	0.0776*** (0.0279)	0.,0264 (0.0163)	0.0667*** (0.0160)	0.0565*** (0.0131)	0.0639*** (0.0145)	0.0820*** (0.0172)
DCPS	0.335*** (0.0750)	0.438*** (0.0385)	0.122** (0.0454)	0.438*** (0.0385)	0.293*** (0.0376)	0.170*** (0.0394)	0.258*** (0.0324)	0.183*** (0.0433)
ICT	0.0332* (0.0169)	0.0870*** (0.0126)	0.0857*** (0.00984)	0.0870*** (0.0126)	0.0733*** (0.00852)	0.0806*** (0.00868)	0.0682*** (0.00891)	0.0722*** (0.00819)
GDS	0.171 (0.178)	0.313*** (0.112)	0.321*** (0.0950)	0.313*** (0.112)	0.411*** (0.0911)	0.372*** (0.0952)	0.331*** (0.113)	0.315*** (0.103)
ACE (1)	0.773*** (0.0693)	0.410*** (0.0313)	0.675*** (0.0304)	0.410*** (0.0313)	0.562*** (0.0260)	0.604*** (0.0310)	0.583*** (0.0259)	0.637*** (0.0276)
RMIT	1.616*** (0.272)	1.608*** (0.281)	0.366 (0.243)	0.561*** (0.204)	−0.554* (0.312)	0.199 (0.167)	0.0552 (0.181)	0.124 (0.232)
GOV		17.90*** (1.258)
RMIT*GOV		−2.177*** (0.416)
CORR			−6.055*** (2.034)
REMIT*CORR			1.183** (0.440)
POL				18.77*** (1.319)
REMIT*POL				−2.283*** (0.436)
RQ					3.754*** (1.241)
RMIT*RQ					−1.347*** (0.343)
VA						8.085*** (1.293)
RMIT*VA						−0.966** (0.379)
RL							6.281*** (1.431)
RMT*RL							−0.825*** (0.289)
GE								2.402** (1.172)
RMIT*GE								0.0656 (0.337)
Constant	8.116 (4.190)	40.78*** (5.758)	−9.850** (4.798)	49.39*** (6.026)	14.31*** (4.059)	19.39*** (3.100)	20.38*** (3.553)	13.40*** (3.096)
Observations	240	240	240	240	240	240	240	240
Number of Country	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40
No. of Instruments	29	37	37	37	37	37	37	37
Fisher	12808.65***	16971.03***	9787.55***	16970.97***	32386.66***	54710.42***	34798.61***	98805.82***
AR (1)	0.017	0.016	0.009	0.016	0.016	0.023	0.019	0.016
AR (2)	0.062	0.182	0.076	0.182	0.064	0.059	0.059	0.080
Hansen P-value	0.542	0.605	0.565	0.605	0.434	0.513	0.347	0.298

	ACE	GOV	CORR	POL	RQ	VA	RL	GE
GDP	−2.559*** (0.747)	−6.338*** (0.952)	0.621 (0.634)	−6.338*** (0.952)	−2.136*** (0.701)	−2.577*** (0.623)	−2.680*** (0.572)	−2.053*** (0.662)
FPI	0.0673*** (0.0240)	0.0264 (0.0163)	0.0776*** (0.0279)	0.,0264 (0.0163)	0.0667*** (0.0160)	0.0565*** (0.0131)	0.0639*** (0.0145)	0.0820*** (0.0172)
DCPS	0.335*** (0.0750)	0.438*** (0.0385)	0.122** (0.0454)	0.438*** (0.0385)	0.293*** (0.0376)	0.170*** (0.0394)	0.258*** (0.0324)	0.183*** (0.0433)
ICT	0.0332* (0.0169)	0.0870*** (0.0126)	0.0857*** (0.00984)	0.0870*** (0.0126)	0.0733*** (0.00852)	0.0806*** (0.00868)	0.0682*** (0.00891)	0.0722*** (0.00819)
GDS	0.171 (0.178)	0.313*** (0.112)	0.321*** (0.0950)	0.313*** (0.112)	0.411*** (0.0911)	0.372*** (0.0952)	0.331*** (0.113)	0.315*** (0.103)
ACE (1)	0.773*** (0.0693)	0.410*** (0.0313)	0.675*** (0.0304)	0.410*** (0.0313)	0.562*** (0.0260)	0.604*** (0.0310)	0.583*** (0.0259)	0.637*** (0.0276)
RMIT	1.616*** (0.272)	1.608*** (0.281)	0.366 (0.243)	0.561*** (0.204)	−0.554* (0.312)	0.199 (0.167)	0.0552 (0.181)	0.124 (0.232)
GOV		17.90*** (1.258)
RMIT*GOV		−2.177*** (0.416)
CORR			−6.055*** (2.034)
REMIT*CORR			1.183** (0.440)
POL				18.77*** (1.319)
REMIT*POL				−2.283*** (0.436)
RQ					3.754*** (1.241)
RMIT*RQ					−1.347*** (0.343)
VA						8.085*** (1.293)
RMIT*VA						−0.966** (0.379)
RL							6.281*** (1.431)
RMT*RL							−0.825*** (0.289)
GE								2.402** (1.172)
RMIT*GE								0.0656 (0.337)
Constant	8.116 (4.190)	40.78*** (5.758)	−9.850** (4.798)	49.39*** (6.026)	14.31*** (4.059)	19.39*** (3.100)	20.38*** (3.553)	13.40*** (3.096)
Observations	240	240	240	240	240	240	240	240
Number of Country	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40
No. of Instruments	29	37	37	37	37	37	37	37
Fisher	12808.65***	16971.03***	9787.55***	16970.97***	32386.66***	54710.42***	34798.61***	98805.82***
AR (1)	0.017	0.016	0.009	0.016	0.016	0.023	0.019	0.016
AR (2)	0.062	0.182	0.076	0.182	0.064	0.059	0.059	0.080
Hansen P-value	0.542	0.605	0.565	0.605	0.434	0.513	0.347	0.298

Note(s): ***, ** and * shows significance levels at 1%, 5 and 10%, respectively. The significance of values is twofold. (1) The significance of estimated coefficients and the Fisher statistics. (2) The failure to reject the null hypotheses of: (a) no autocorrelation in the AR (1) and AR (2) tests. ACE is total population access to electricity, RMIT is remittances, GDP is gross domestic product, FPI is food production index, ICT is Information communication technology, GDS is gross domestic savings, DCPS is domestic credit to the private sector, GOV is governance index, CORR is the level of corruption, POL is political stability, RQ is regulatory quality, VA is Voice and accountability, RL is rule of law and GE is government effectiveness

Source(s): World Bank

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