Table 4

Research rigor

CriteriaCase selectionData collectionData analysisData reporting
Credibility, dependabilityand sincerity
  • Theoretical,empiricaland replication logic

  • Thick description of thecaseselection proces

  • Data triangulation through multiple data sources and data collection methods (i.e. interview, in-site and artifact observation, archival data)

  • Thick description of the data collection process (i.e. number, length and mode of interview; interviewee details; transcription details)

  • Detailed case study protocol

  • Researchertriangulation through theinvolvementofbothresearchersin reviewing themes.

  • Thick description of the coding process.

  • Cross-case analysis

  • Transparency in the coding process through detailed reporting of interview quotations and themes

  • Transparency in author contribution

  • Acknowledgementofresearch funding

Procedural ethics
  • Informed consent of interviewees

  • Voluntaryparticipationof interviewees

  • Safeguarding anonymity as per the interviewees’ requirement

Internal validity
  • Theoreticalreplication logic

  • Data triangulation

  • Informant triangulation through interviewing people in different roles

  • Consistent interview protocol for all interviews

  • Pattern matching

  • Rechecking codes and themes

  • Providingcodingandinterview excerpts

  • Constant comparison with the extant literature and data

External validity
  • Theoretical and literal replication logic

  • Maximum variation in sampling

  • Maximum variation in sampling

  • Theoreticalgeneralization through cross-casecomparisonand pattern matching

  • Transferableduetomaximum variation in sampling

Source(s): Adapted from Tracy (2010) and Gibbert and Ruigrok (2010) 

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