Table 2 Measurement model validation...

Table 2

Measurement model validation results

Construct	No. of items	Α	CR	AVE	Loading range
Panel A. Measurement model results
Digitalization	5	0.87	0.89	0.68	0.72–0.89
Localization	4	0.84	0.86	0.60	0.70–0.85
Regulatory reform	4	0.85	0.88	0.65	0.68–0.88
Organizational readiness	6	0.90	0.91	0.71	0.74–0.91
Short-term efficiency and service performance	3	0.82	0.85	0.66	0.75–0.87
Adaptability	3	0.81	0.84	0.64	0.71–0.86
Resilience	3	0.83	0.86	0.65	0.73–0.88

Construct	No. of items	Α	CR	AVE	Loading range
Panel A. Measurement model results
Digitalization	5	0.87	0.89	0.68	0.72–0.89
Localization	4	0.84	0.86	0.60	0.70–0.85
Regulatory reform	4	0.85	0.88	0.65	0.68–0.88
Organizational readiness	6	0.90	0.91	0.71	0.74–0.91
Short-term efficiency and service performance	3	0.82	0.85	0.66	0.75–0.87
Adaptability	3	0.81	0.84	0.64	0.71–0.86
Resilience	3	0.83	0.86	0.65	0.73–0.88

Construct	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Panel B. Discriminant validity (Fornell–Larcker criterion)
1. Digitalization	0.82
2. Localization	0.54	0.77
3. Regulatory reform	0.49	0.52	0.81
4. Organizational readiness	0.60	0.58	0.55	0.84
5. Short-term efficiency and service performance	0.55	0.50	0.51	0.63	0.81
6. Adaptability	0.50	0.48	0.46	0.59	0.61	0.80
7. Resilience	0.48	0.47	0.45	0.57	0.60	0.58	0.81

Construct	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Panel B. Discriminant validity (Fornell–Larcker criterion)
1. Digitalization	0.82
2. Localization	0.54	0.77
3. Regulatory reform	0.49	0.52	0.81
4. Organizational readiness	0.60	0.58	0.55	0.84
5. Short-term efficiency and service performance	0.55	0.50	0.51	0.63	0.81
6. Adaptability	0.50	0.48	0.46	0.59	0.61	0.80
7. Resilience	0.48	0.47	0.45	0.57	0.60	0.58	0.81

Construct pair				HTMT
Panel C. Discriminant validity (HTMT ratios)
Digitalization – localization				0.67
Digitalization – regulatory reform				0.61
Digitalization – organizational readiness				0.72
Digitalization – short-term efficiency and service performance				0.68
Digitalization – adaptability				0.65
Digitalization – resilience				0.63
Localization – regulatory reform				0.66
Localization – organizational readiness				0.70
Localization – short-term efficiency and service performance				0.64
Localization – adaptability				0.62
Localization – resilience				0.61
Regulatory reform – organizational readiness				0.68
Regulatory reform – short-term efficiency and service performance				0.63
Regulatory reform – adaptability				0.60
Regulatory reform – resilience				0.59
Organizational readiness – short-term efficiency and service performance				0.75
Organizational readiness – adaptability				0.72
Organizational readiness – resilience				0.70
Short-term efficiency and service performance – adaptability				0.74
Short-term efficiency and service performance– resilience				0.71
Adaptability – resilience				0.69

Construct pair				HTMT
Panel C. Discriminant validity (HTMT ratios)
Digitalization – localization				0.67
Digitalization – regulatory reform				0.61
Digitalization – organizational readiness				0.72
Digitalization – short-term efficiency and service performance				0.68
Digitalization – adaptability				0.65
Digitalization – resilience				0.63
Localization – regulatory reform				0.66
Localization – organizational readiness				0.70
Localization – short-term efficiency and service performance				0.64
Localization – adaptability				0.62
Localization – resilience				0.61
Regulatory reform – organizational readiness				0.68
Regulatory reform – short-term efficiency and service performance				0.63
Regulatory reform – adaptability				0.60
Regulatory reform – resilience				0.59
Organizational readiness – short-term efficiency and service performance				0.75
Organizational readiness – adaptability				0.72
Organizational readiness – resilience				0.70
Short-term efficiency and service performance – adaptability				0.74
Short-term efficiency and service performance– resilience				0.71
Adaptability – resilience				0.69

Construct				VIF
Panel D. Full collinearity assessment (VIF)
Digitalization				2.10
Localization				2.25
Regulatory reform				2.05
Organizational readiness				2.30
Short-term efficiency and service performance				1.87
Adaptability				1.92
Resilience				1.78

Construct				VIF
Panel D. Full collinearity assessment (VIF)
Digitalization				2.10
Localization				2.25
Regulatory reform				2.05
Organizational readiness				2.30
Short-term efficiency and service performance				1.87
Adaptability				1.92
Resilience				1.78

Note(s):

α = Cronbach’s alpha; CR = composite reliability; AVE = average variance extracted; HTMT = heterotrait–monotrait ratio; VIF = variance inflation factor. Diagonal elements in Panel B represent the square roots of AVE and exceed inter-construct correlations, supporting discriminant validity. All HTMT values are below 0.85. All VIF values are below 3.3, indicating that common method bias is unlikely to affect the results (Kock, 2015)

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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