Table 6

Sector-specific transformation pathways, enablers and challenges

Sector groupDominant pathwayKey enablersMain challenges
Infrastructure (energy, aviation)Long-term capability development (pathway B)Leadership commitment; strong digital infrastructure; supplier development programsRegulatory complexity; coordination challenges across reform initiatives
Service (logistics, retail, hospitality, professional services)Short-term efficiency and service performance (pathway A)Leadership commitment; digital infrastructure upgradesOrganizational readiness gaps; regulatory complexity
Note(s):

Sectoral patterns were identified through thematic analysis of interview data. The classification of pathway orientation reflects the relative emphasis placed on efficiency gains (Pathway A) vs capability development (Pathway B) across sectors

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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