Table 1. Conceptual interpretation of... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1.

Conceptual interpretation of ESG dimensions in MMC project delivery

ESG dimension	Typical project-level concerns in MMC delivery	Implications for project delivery activities	Illustrative assessment perspectives
Environmental	Resource efficiency, material waste, emissions associated with off-site production and logistics	Environmental considerations influence design–manufacturing coordination, material selection, prefabrication logistics and assembly sequencing	Life-cycle environmental performance, waste reduction practices, carbon and resource efficiency evaluation
Social	Workforce safety, skill development, labour conditions and stakeholder impacts across production and construction environments	Social considerations influence workforce coordination across off-site/on-site interfaces, safety management and training practices	Safety and workforce practice review, skills and training assessment, stakeholder impact consideration
Governance	Accountability, transparency and coordination of decision-making across project actors and supply chain interfaces	Governance considerations influence how project actors coordinate decisions, manage contractual relationships and structure project interfaces	Governance and coordination review, accountability and decision-process assessment, contractual/interface evaluation

ESG dimension	Typical project-level concerns in MMC delivery	Implications for project delivery activities	Illustrative assessment perspectives
Environmental	Resource efficiency, material waste, emissions associated with off-site production and logistics	Environmental considerations influence design–manufacturing coordination, material selection, prefabrication logistics and assembly sequencing	Life-cycle environmental performance, waste reduction practices, carbon and resource efficiency evaluation
Social	Workforce safety, skill development, labour conditions and stakeholder impacts across production and construction environments	Social considerations influence workforce coordination across off-site/on-site interfaces, safety management and training practices	Safety and workforce practice review, skills and training assessment, stakeholder impact consideration
Governance	Accountability, transparency and coordination of decision-making across project actors and supply chain interfaces	Governance considerations influence how project actors coordinate decisions, manage contractual relationships and structure project interfaces	Governance and coordination review, accountability and decision-process assessment, contractual/interface evaluation