Table 2 DMAIC overview of the case... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

DMAIC overview of the case phases

	DMAIC	Method applied	Activities
Define	1. Problem definition	Incident reporting	Risk and Lean team analyzing adverse events
	2. Workgroup determination	Interviews	Data were collected through the following methods Semi-structured interviews with members of the multidisciplinary team involved in the dietary planning process to gain in-depth insights into operational challenges and collaboration Participatory workshops and observations to engage frontline staff and management in analyzing and improving patient meal delivery. These sessions included process mapping activities to visually outline and better understand current workflows and identify areas for improvement
	2.1 Context description and process mapping	Workshop
Measure	3. Data collection	Gemba walk	The team analyzed data from the electronic medical record (EMR) and data management system, kitchen management system, to create a shared understanding of the issue
Measure	3. Data collection	Data analysis
Analyse	4. Analysis	Workshop	- September 2021 – RCA with the workgroup
Improve	5. Improvement proposal	Workshop	- October 2021 – Description by the project team of a standardized poka-yoke process involving information systems - December 9, 2021 – Proposal presented to hospital management Process paused due to the COVID-19 pandemic - September 2022 – Project approval, status unchanged
Improve	6. Implementation plan (GANTT)	Workshop	- October 2022: Modifications to the IT system - November 2022: Changes to the kitchen management software - December 2022: Training for nursing, medical and kitchen staff - January–February 2023: Pilot implementation on one inpatient ward - March 2023: New Dietary Procedure - March 2023: Hospital-wide training through workshops and brief educational sessions - April 2023: Project launch, status unchanged
Control	7. Data analysis and control	Interview	- July 2023: Internal structured interviews conducted among physicians and nurses/healthcare assistants - November 2023: Second structured interview administered - Monthly patient experience structured interview - Dashboard generated through daily updated electronic reports - Incident reporting system implemented
	7. Data analysis and control	Data analysis
	8. Follow Up	Data analysis	Dashboard
	8. Follow Up	Workshop	Audit plan

	DMAIC	Method applied	Activities
Define	1. Problem definition	Incident reporting	Risk and Lean team analyzing adverse events
	2. Workgroup determination	Interviews	Data were collected through the following methods Semi-structured interviews with members of the multidisciplinary team involved in the dietary planning process to gain in-depth insights into operational challenges and collaboration Participatory workshops and observations to engage frontline staff and management in analyzing and improving patient meal delivery. These sessions included process mapping activities to visually outline and better understand current workflows and identify areas for improvement
	2.1 Context description and process mapping	Workshop
Measure	3. Data collection	Gemba walk	The team analyzed data from the electronic medical record (EMR) and data management system, kitchen management system, to create a shared understanding of the issue
Measure	3. Data collection	Data analysis
Analyse	4. Analysis	Workshop	- September 2021 – RCA with the workgroup
Improve	5. Improvement proposal	Workshop	- October 2021 – Description by the project team of a standardized poka-yoke process involving information systems - December 9, 2021 – Proposal presented to hospital management Process paused due to the COVID-19 pandemic - September 2022 – Project approval, status unchanged
Improve	6. Implementation plan (GANTT)	Workshop	- October 2022: Modifications to the IT system - November 2022: Changes to the kitchen management software - December 2022: Training for nursing, medical and kitchen staff - January–February 2023: Pilot implementation on one inpatient ward - March 2023: New Dietary Procedure - March 2023: Hospital-wide training through workshops and brief educational sessions - April 2023: Project launch, status unchanged
Control	7. Data analysis and control	Interview	- July 2023: Internal structured interviews conducted among physicians and nurses/healthcare assistants - November 2023: Second structured interview administered - Monthly patient experience structured interview - Dashboard generated through daily updated electronic reports - Incident reporting system implemented
	7. Data analysis and control	Data analysis
	8. Follow Up	Data analysis	Dashboard
	8. Follow Up	Workshop	Audit plan

Source(s): Authors' own work