Excerpt of coding on integration level
| Data reduction (first-order codes) | Descriptive code | Link to BD and AI activity | Link to integration level |
|---|---|---|---|
| “Responsibility is the key issue here because downstream you don't care if your data quality is shit if only people downstream suffer from it. Not your organization. The integration would be a back and forth. Right now, they are one direction. One way system because one collects the other one processes and that is the biggest challenge for the entire field right now. That lack of mutual responsibility, cuz you're only responsible for your part of collecting that's the only thing your KPIs are for.” (E1) | Lack of mutual responsibility for data quality is big challenge | BD Management, BD Sharing | Information Integration |
| “Sometimes it's like, we have this problem and then, you know, there's experts and then you have a peer group where you can exchange with it's also organized in communities. We have AI communities. We have data governance communities. And so, the whole community idea in a good sense is there and it's active.” (C1) | BD and AI communities to exchange knowledge | BD Sharing | Information Integration |
| “There's a big exchange of practices and experiences. So not just best practices, but these are just the presents wrapped in nice gift paper, which look good, but are only okay. You cannot copy paste them in your own domain, but you can absolutely copy paste what's being learned and the road that was taken, the journey towards the practice. This is exchange on European level in Euro cities. On data, the application of data and the data analytics, the examples are also easily exchangeable.” | Exchange of practices and learnings regarding data and analytics | BD Sharing | Operational Integration |
| “And we have within, the department here, a shared data science environment, multi talent in the cloud, where smaller organizations that cannot afford to configure their own data science platform can actually, extract data science service and work with all kinds of data and experiment with AI and whatever, all within the balance of the law, of course. And they can also work together there in that environment with other organizations.” (H2) | Shared data science environment where smaller organisations can work together on BD and AI | AI Development, AI Application | Operational Integration |
| “In general, the criminal police has to work both with judges and state attorneys. I think these state law offices that are trying to catch or trying to get the criminals behind bars. So that's who we work with and work for. But there's different organizations that we work with as well especially concerning sharing data or getting data to and from other organizations.” (H1) | Police works especially close with judges and state attorneys | BD Collection, BD Sharing | Operational Integration |
| “So that's what we're working on as a government, national government, regional government, municipalities to create something like a framework on providing data.” (G2) | Jointly working on data framework | BD Sharing | Operational Integration |
| “For example, we have a collaboration with the other provinces, it's called, IDA, inter-provincial digital agenda. And we have a regular contact with each other to know what is happening on the federal level. What is happening in the several provinces and how can we collaborate on data. And, for instance, the federal government made a data strategy for all governments and how do we respond to that? Or how can we take this data strategy into our own organizations? But also, sometimes we develop products of our own, like, a data governance framework for all provinces. So centrally we have developed this framework, this data governance framework, and then every province takes it back and internalize it's into its own data governance framework.” (G1) | Collaboration between provinces to exchange data, develop frameworks and translate higher governmental strategies | BD Management, BD Sharing | Operational Integration |
| “We now have agreements with all the big retail stores, mainly the change stores in the Netherlands, so that they provide us with their scanner data. That means that we don't have to send any people that into shops anymore that write down the prices of products. […] So, it's better guarantee for continuity. It also makes that during the crisis, when the people were ordering toilet paper and rice and so on, based on the information we could give a very clear picture of what products were ordered and to what extent and so on.” (A1) | Scanner data from super-markets for product prices and inflation calculation | BD Collection, BD Management, BD Sharing | Operational Integration |
| “What you also see increasingly is that not only central government at national level, but also local and regional governments become interested in statistics. So, we also have an increasing number of relations with these types of governments. For example, with the city of Groningen, we have a so-called urban data centre. That's the name for our collaboration model, where we work together with the city of Groningen to discuss their statistical questions.” (A1) | New entity to discuss, combine, and share data | BD Management, BD Sharing | Relational Integration |
| “So, we have a partnership now in place since, I think six months or so, maybe a bit longer which is called […] a data landscape without borders, [… where] we work together to create standards on how to exchange data, to create common use cases where we can use that data that we exchange together, so like around planning in our region other topics that actually require us to work with those municipalities. And we also create a more strategic outlook on where we need to look at. We've created an own program office around this collaboration which is a bit separate from the organizations that started it.” (G2) | Partnership to develop standards for exchanging data, create use cases for shared topics and discuss strategic outlook | BD Management, BD Use, BD Sharing | Relational Integration |
| “So as part of our AI strategy, Allies have taking up the establishment of certain AI test centres in several countries. First one that will be active will be Lithuania if I'm not mistaken. And those test centres will offer the opportunity for testing, evaluation, verification of AI applications.” (N1) | Shared test centres to facilitate AI development of members | AI Development, AI Application | Relational Integration |
| Data reduction (first-order codes) | Descriptive code | Link to BD and AI activity | Link to integration level |
|---|---|---|---|
| “Responsibility is the key issue here because downstream you don't care if your data quality is shit if only people downstream suffer from it. Not your organization. The integration would be a back and forth. Right now, they are one direction. One way system because one collects the other one processes and that is the biggest challenge for the entire field right now. That lack of mutual responsibility, cuz you're only responsible for your part of collecting that's the only thing your KPIs are for.” (E1) | Lack of mutual responsibility for data quality is big challenge | BD Management, | Information Integration |
| “Sometimes it's like, we have this problem and then, you know, there's experts and then you have a peer group where you can exchange with it's also organized in communities. We have AI communities. We have data governance communities. And so, the whole community idea in a good sense is there and it's active.” (C1) | BD and AI communities to exchange knowledge | BD Sharing | Information Integration |
| “There's a big exchange of practices and experiences. So not just best practices, but these are just the presents wrapped in nice gift paper, which look good, but are only okay. You cannot copy paste them in your own domain, but you can absolutely copy paste what's being learned and the road that was taken, the journey towards the practice. This is exchange on European level in Euro cities. On data, the application of data and the data analytics, the examples are also easily exchangeable.” | Exchange of practices and learnings regarding data and analytics | BD Sharing | Operational Integration |
| “And we have within, the department here, a shared data science environment, multi talent in the cloud, where smaller organizations that cannot afford to configure their own data science platform can actually, extract data science service and work with all kinds of data and experiment with AI and whatever, all within the balance of the law, of course. And they can also work together there in that environment with other organizations.” (H2) | Shared data science environment where smaller organisations can work together on BD and AI | AI Development, | Operational Integration |
| “In general, the criminal police has to work both with judges and state attorneys. I think these state law offices that are trying to catch or trying to get the criminals behind bars. So that's who we work with and work for. But there's different organizations that we work with as well especially concerning sharing data or getting data to and from other organizations.” (H1) | Police works especially close with judges and state attorneys | BD Collection, | Operational Integration |
| “So that's what we're working on as a government, national government, regional government, municipalities to create something like a framework on providing data.” (G2) | Jointly working on data framework | BD Sharing | Operational Integration |
| “For example, we have a collaboration with the other provinces, it's called, IDA, inter-provincial digital agenda. And we have a regular contact with each other to know what is happening on the federal level. What is happening in the several provinces and how can we collaborate on data. And, for instance, the federal government made a data strategy for all governments and how do we respond to that? Or how can we take this data strategy into our own organizations? But also, sometimes we develop products of our own, like, a data governance framework for all provinces. So centrally we have developed this framework, this data governance framework, and then every province takes it back and internalize it's into its own data governance framework.” (G1) | Collaboration between provinces to exchange data, develop frameworks and translate higher governmental strategies | BD Management, | Operational Integration |
| “We now have agreements with all the big retail stores, mainly the change stores in the Netherlands, so that they provide us with their scanner data. That means that we don't have to send any people that into shops anymore that write down the prices of products. […] So, it's better guarantee for continuity. It also makes that during the crisis, when the people were ordering toilet paper and rice and so on, based on the information we could give a very clear picture of what products were ordered and to what extent and so on.” (A1) | Scanner data from super-markets for product prices and inflation calculation | BD Collection, | Operational Integration |
| “What you also see increasingly is that not only central government at national level, but also local and regional governments become interested in statistics. So, we also have an increasing number of relations with these types of governments. For example, with the city of Groningen, we have a so-called urban data centre. That's the name for our collaboration model, where we work together with the city of Groningen to discuss their statistical questions.” (A1) | New entity to discuss, combine, and share data | BD Management, | Relational Integration |
| “So, we have a partnership now in place since, I think six months or so, maybe a bit longer which is called […] a data landscape without borders, [… where] we work together to create standards on how to exchange data, to create common use cases where we can use that data that we exchange together, so like around planning in our region other topics that actually require us to work with those municipalities. And we also create a more strategic outlook on where we need to look at. We've created an own program office around this collaboration which is a bit separate from the organizations that started it.” (G2) | Partnership to develop standards for exchanging data, create use cases for shared topics and discuss strategic outlook | BD Management, | Relational Integration |
| “So as part of our AI strategy, Allies have taking up the establishment of certain AI test centres in several countries. First one that will be active will be Lithuania if I'm not mistaken. And those test centres will offer the opportunity for testing, evaluation, verification of AI applications.” (N1) | Shared test centres to facilitate AI development of members | AI Development, | Relational Integration |
Excerpt of coding on publicness dimension
| Data reduction (first-order codes) | Descriptive code | Link to BD and AI activity | Link to publicness dimension |
|---|---|---|---|
| “First, we are state owned enterprise and there are to some strategies of the German government, strategies of the ministry we are working for. So, there is a dedicated AI strategy and this part of course also relevant for us.” (F1) | Ownership affects AI development and use | AI Development, AI Application | Ownership |
| “We can give benefits to companies and startups and so on. Those are mostly fund by EU or the federal government as well. But specific on data and digital organization, we have a big sum of money for our business operations. And from this we pay mostly data efforts and so on.” (G1) | Funding from EU or federal level for BD efforts | No direct link | Funding |
| “Of course, it is governed and there is all kind of regulations you have to follow, and especially when it comes to finance of universities. There's of course, largely a governmental funding and ministry guidelines that you have to, if you get the money from university, you cannot do whatever you want to. So there really is quite strictly defined how it has to be spent and in that way. So, you can say it's some fact owned by ministry.” (D1) | Strict rules for spending of funds | No direct link | Funding |
| “Cause let's also not forget they are criminally underfunded left and right.” (E1) | Public organisations lack in funding | No direct link | Funding |
| “And that's challenging because, for most of the people collaborating in something coalition, it's something they do in their free time or you know it's not completely free time, of course, but they do not get paid to spend a day a week on this. And it's only when there is money or funding that it really becomes possible to do something.” (D2) | Collaboration happens without incentive | AI Development | Funding |
| “So, it is said just by our management and principle but as we are half public government also this management depends also on public influence. So, I would say mostly the public sector gives us the goals.” (C2) | Management decisions depend on public influence | No direct link | Goal Setting |
| “It all has to be mission driven and it all has to be in the context of an organization. Police work is something completely different than, for example, our shelter justice guys or our migration organizations. Completely different. And translating that towards, let's go data driven always. I translated as a chief data officer; I want to have the organization systemically capable of being data driven. But being data driven; that's their job. I don't care. Sorry, not top down. That's their business.” (H2) | Goal setting must be bottom-up and facilitated top-down | No direct link | Goal Setting |
| “And the other ones are medicines health regulatory authority who did this separately. What they have done is, they have been able to integrate data from lots of places. Now the way they've done this is through because the hospitals had to provide certain data for payments anyway, so then put that data for payments beefed it up added some more to it and they created a unified data set.” (K1) | Central authority used obligation of hospitals to share information about payments to integrate data | BD Collection | Ownership/Funding/Control Structure |
| “But our role is to provide independent, reliable information for all of society. So that is based on a lot of official stuff. So, we have our own law, the Dutch statistics act.” (A1) | Role is determined in law | No direct link | Goal Setting/Control Structure |
| “I just came out of a meeting about, and if we want to use, for example, data science models with all the data, we have to be very sure where the data comes from, if we can still have it. So, all those things are already arranged in law. But the law is written down, I think in somewhere in the 80s. So, it's called the Dutch Data Police Law.” (H2) | Police Law provides rules for data collection, management, and use | BD Collection, BD Management, BD Use | Control Structure |
| “For the organization that I'm in, it's very restricted, simply because the laws in Germany are very strict concerning which data the police can use, for which purpose.” (H1) | Strict laws for BD collection and use | BD Collection, BD Use | Control Structure |
| “Yeah, there is data that we can request by law from other organizations. For example, the most prominent one is probably requesting data from the telecommunications providers which provide us with quite big data sets. But it's always depending on the crime which data you can actually collect and which organizations you can force to provide data.” (H1) | Request data by law but depending on crime | BD Collection | Control Structure |
| “There's also very strict laws about privacy, data protection, about individual data not just individual personal data but also individual enterprise data. Because enterprises would not give us their data if they would think that their competition would get all of them. So that's all very tight.” (A2) | Strict laws privacy and data protection | BD Collection, BD Management | Control Structure |
| “They're all within the European statistical system so that means that there are a lot of regulations, laws which are prescribing for example for my former domain, short term statistic, there is a regulation which says you have to deliver this kind of data within 35 days after the end of the month to Eurostat with these variables, these times and so on.” (A2) | Laws and regulations that prescribe data sharing | BD Sharing | Control Structure |
| “Basically, it says that we as a statistical authority have the right to use all data collected by government for statistical purposes. That's very explicit, for statistical purposes only. […] We have access to all these administrative registers maintained by government. Even stronger than that, we are not allowed to launch a survey on our own if the data has already been collected by government in another way.” (A1) | Law gives right to collect and use data for statistical purposes | BD Collection, BD Use | Control Structure |
| Data reduction (first-order codes) | Descriptive code | Link to BD and AI activity | Link to publicness dimension |
|---|---|---|---|
| “First, we are state owned enterprise and there are to some strategies of the German government, strategies of the ministry we are working for. So, there is a dedicated AI strategy and this part of course also relevant for us.” (F1) | Ownership affects AI development and use | AI Development, | Ownership |
| “We can give benefits to companies and startups and so on. Those are mostly fund by EU or the federal government as well. But specific on data and digital organization, we have a big sum of money for our business operations. And from this we pay mostly data efforts and so on.” (G1) | Funding from EU or federal level for BD efforts | No direct link | Funding |
| “Of course, it is governed and there is all kind of regulations you have to follow, and especially when it comes to finance of universities. There's of course, largely a governmental funding and ministry guidelines that you have to, if you get the money from university, you cannot do whatever you want to. So there really is quite strictly defined how it has to be spent and in that way. So, you can say it's some fact owned by ministry.” (D1) | Strict rules for spending of funds | No direct link | Funding |
| “Cause let's also not forget they are criminally underfunded left and right.” (E1) | Public organisations lack in funding | No direct link | Funding |
| “And that's challenging because, for most of the people collaborating in something coalition, it's something they do in their free time or you know it's not completely free time, of course, but they do not get paid to spend a day a week on this. And it's only when there is money or funding that it really becomes possible to do something.” (D2) | Collaboration happens without incentive | AI Development | Funding |
| “So, it is said just by our management and principle but as we are half public government also this management depends also on public influence. So, I would say mostly the public sector gives us the goals.” (C2) | Management decisions depend on public influence | No direct link | Goal Setting |
| “It all has to be mission driven and it all has to be in the context of an organization. Police work is something completely different than, for example, our shelter justice guys or our migration organizations. Completely different. And translating that towards, let's go data driven always. I translated as a chief data officer; I want to have the organization systemically capable of being data driven. But being data driven; that's their job. I don't care. Sorry, not top down. That's their business.” (H2) | Goal setting must be bottom-up and facilitated top-down | No direct link | Goal Setting |
| “And the other ones are medicines health regulatory authority who did this separately. What they have done is, they have been able to integrate data from lots of places. Now the way they've done this is through because the hospitals had to provide certain data for payments anyway, so then put that data for payments beefed it up added some more to it and they created a unified data set.” (K1) | Central authority used obligation of hospitals to share information about payments to integrate data | BD Collection | Ownership/Funding/Control Structure |
| “But our role is to provide independent, reliable information for all of society. So that is based on a lot of official stuff. So, we have our own law, the Dutch statistics act.” (A1) | Role is determined in law | No direct link | Goal Setting/Control Structure |
| “I just came out of a meeting about, and if we want to use, for example, data science models with all the data, we have to be very sure where the data comes from, if we can still have it. So, all those things are already arranged in law. But the law is written down, I think in somewhere in the 80s. So, it's called the Dutch Data Police Law.” (H2) | Police Law provides rules for data collection, management, and use | BD Collection, | Control Structure |
| “For the organization that I'm in, it's very restricted, simply because the laws in Germany are very strict concerning which data the police can use, for which purpose.” (H1) | Strict laws for BD collection and use | BD Collection, | Control Structure |
| “Yeah, there is data that we can request by law from other organizations. For example, the most prominent one is probably requesting data from the telecommunications providers which provide us with quite big data sets. But it's always depending on the crime which data you can actually collect and which organizations you can force to provide data.” (H1) | Request data by law but depending on crime | BD Collection | Control Structure |
| “There's also very strict laws about privacy, data protection, about individual data not just individual personal data but also individual enterprise data. Because enterprises would not give us their data if they would think that their competition would get all of them. So that's all very tight.” (A2) | Strict laws privacy and data protection | BD Collection, | Control Structure |
| “They're all within the European statistical system so that means that there are a lot of regulations, laws which are prescribing for example for my former domain, short term statistic, there is a regulation which says you have to deliver this kind of data within 35 days after the end of the month to Eurostat with these variables, these times and so on.” (A2) | Laws and regulations that prescribe data sharing | BD Sharing | Control Structure |
| “Basically, it says that we as a statistical authority have the right to use all data collected by government for statistical purposes. That's very explicit, for statistical purposes only. […] We have access to all these administrative registers maintained by government. Even stronger than that, we are not allowed to launch a survey on our own if the data has already been collected by government in another way.” (A1) | Law gives right to collect and use data for statistical purposes | BD Collection, | Control Structure |
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