Table 7.

Conclusion and theoretical and managerial implications

ConclusionTheoretical and managerial implications
Usage, risk, and tradition barriers significantly influence consumer resistanceReinforce IRT’s applicability to understanding resistance dynamics in financial services; Prioritize user-centric chatbot designs, emphasizing usability, security and trust; Integrate chatbots seamlessly with traditional channels
Value and image barriers do not significantly affect resistance or NWOMChallenge assumptions about the universal applicability of value and image barriers across contexts; Shift focus to usability, trust and contextual barriers when designing chatbot strategies
Consumer resistance mediates the relationship between usage, risk and tradition barriers with NWOMDemonstrate the mediating role of resistance, expanding IRT to include NWOM as an outcome; Address resistance through education, transparency and incentives to foster PWOM
Resistance-related NWOM can harm adoption and brand perception in financial servicesHighlights the broader social consequences of resistance, linking individual barriers to collective outcomes such as NWOM; Implement social listening and rapid response mechanisms to address negative feedback effectively

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