Table 1

Criteria tolerance for the four strategies

Driven distance (km) byVehicle typeCost (€/order)Cycle time (Days)Kg of CO2 per orderECU (0–100)
StrategyBusinessCustomerBusinessCustomer
C&C103VANSCAR (45%)2.8–3.452–40.031–0.89189.0–92.6
Microhubs110VANS/LV03.05–3.82–30.000–0.01193.0–96.5
3PL150VANS03.85–4.752–50.003–0.01891.4–94.1
Lockers101.2VANSCAR (27%)2.50–3.102–30.000–0.48394.8–95.6
Source(s): Authors' own work

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