Table 4 Lowest and highest values... | Emerald Publishing

Table 4

Lowest and highest values identified for each cost category and subcategories

	Cost category and subcategory	Lowest value, $	Highest value, $
1	Research and development -Phase I -Phase II -Phase III	100 million (Ebola, Phelps et al., 2017) -0,9 million (Rotavirus – GSK, Light et al., 2009) -0.1 million (Rotavirus – Merck, Light et al., 2009) -0.9 million (Rotavirus – Merck, Light et al., 2009)	2 billion (generic vaccine, Oyston and Robinson, 2012) -126 million (Rotavirus – Merck, Light et al., 2009) -3.6 million (Rotavirus – Merck, Light et al., 2009) -398,5 million (Rotavirus – Merck, Light et al., 2009)
2	Investments in the production plant	50 million (Facilities and equipment capitalized costs that depreciate over time, such as land, buildings, machinery, on-going costs of upkeeping repairs, maintenance and utilities, Plotkin et al., 2017)	700 million (Facilities and equipment capitalized costs that depreciate over time, such as land, buildings, machinery, on-going costs of upkeeping repairs, maintenance and utilities, Plotkin et al., 2017)
3	Cost of goods sold (per dose)	0.20 (Meningitis A vaccine, cost for a US vaccine manufacturer, considering volumes of 25–50 million doses annually, depending on composition, number of doses/vials and type of formulation, liquid or lyophilized, in case facilities and fill/finish lines are already available, Aguado et al., 2015)	1.35 (Meningitis A vaccine, cost for a US vaccine manufacturer, considering volumes of 25–50 million doses annually, depending on composition, number of doses/vials and type of formulation, liquid or lyophilized, Aguado et al., 2015)
4	Delivery costs (per dose) -Cold chain cost -Supply chain cost	0.30 (Oral polio, mass vaccination campaign in Bangladesh, IVI 2012) 0.50 (Rotavirus, routine campaign, Senegal, Diop et al., 2015) -0.15 (Measles, catch-up campaign, Cravioto et al., 2012) -0.43 (Kenya 2012; Mvundura et al., 2015)	2.09 (Oral cholera, mass vaccination campaign, urban slum, Mozambique 2004, IVI 2012) 8.07 (Rural health center, routine campaign, Zambia, 2011; Schütte et al., 2015) -5 (Malaria, Constenla, 2015) -1.21 (Mozambique, Mvundura et al., 2015)
5	Program preparation costs (per dose) -Microplanning activities -Training of personnel -Community sensitization and social mobilization -Other costs	0.42 (Full immunization, Mozambique, 2003 pre-emptive vaccination, urban setting, oral cholera, Mogasale et al., 2016) -0.040 (Measles, Cravioto et al., 2012) -0.040 (Measles, Cravioto et al., 2012) -0.05 (Full immunization, South Sudan, 2013, pre-emptive vaccination, refugee camp, rural setting, oral cholera, Mogasale et al., 2016) -0.067 (Full immunization, Mozambique, 2003, pre-emptive vaccination, urban setting, oral cholera, Mogasale et al., 2016)	1.22 (Full immunization, Tanzania, 2009, pre-emptive vaccination, urban and rural settings, oral cholera, Mogasale et al., 2016) -0.53 (Full immunization, South Sudan, 2013, pre-emptive vaccination, refugee camp, rural setting, oral cholera, Mogasale et al., 2016) -0.53 (Full immunization, Tanzania, 2009, pre-emptive vaccination, urban and rural settings, oral cholera, Mogasale et al., 2016) -0.69 (Full immunization, Tanzania, 2009 pre-emptive vaccination, urban and rural settings, oral cholera, Mogasale et al., 2016) -0.58 (Full immunization, South Sudan, 2013, pre-emptive vaccination, refugee camp, rural setting, oral cholera, Mogasale et al., 2016)
6	Administration costs (per dose) -Materials and supplies -Personnel cost -Supervision	0.65 (Oral polio vaccine program across 94 low- and middle-income countries, Portnoy et al., 2015) -0.05 (Syringes and safety boxes, Ethiopia, Memirie et al., 2020) -0.05 (Estimated for 94 low- and middle-income countries, 2010 dollars, Portnoy et al., 2015) -0.006 (Supervision, monitoring and surveillance, Hepatitis B birth dose, Senegal, 2016 dollars, Gosset et al., 2021)	5.51 (Rural health centers, Ghana, 2011 dollars, Le Gargasson et al., 2015) -0.19 (Kenya, typhoid conjugate vaccines, Antillón et al., 2017) -4.44 (Rural health centers, routine immunization in Zambia, Schü tte et al., 2015) -0.12 (Surveillance, including personnel (e.g. salaries), transport (e.g. vehicles), laboratory (e.g. microscopes) and office (e.g. buildings) and comprised recurrent and capital costs, meningitis, Niger, 2012 dollars, Irurzun-Lopez et al., 2016)
7	Procurement costs (per dose) -Cholera -Rotavirus -Meningitis A -Typhoid -Yellow fever -Tuberculosis -Papilloma virus -Malaria -Measles … …	-1.00 (Reported price per dose of Shanchol procurement costs, Mogasale et al., 2016) -0.94 (Kenya, Sigei et al., 2015) -0.41 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -0.50 (Uganda, Carias et al., 2015) -0.65 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -0.09 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -3.50 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -4.26 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -0.19 (Ghana, Le Gargasson et al., 2015) … …	-6.70 (Dukoral oral cholera vaccination, 2009, urban and rural Tanzania, pre-emptive vaccination setting, Dollars 2014, Mogasale et al., 2016) -7.00 (Initial price, Atherly et al., 2009) -0.52 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -2.91 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -0.80 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -0.10 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -4.41 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -4.85 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -0.30 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) … …
7	Procurement costs (per dose) … … -Pneumococcal conjugate -Pentavalent -Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis -Inactivated polio -Oral polio	… … -2.60 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -0.79 (weighted average price in 2019, UNICEF, 2018) -0.15 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -0.85 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -0.12 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015)	… … -7.00 (Ghana, Le Gargasson et al., 2015) -3.00 (Ghana, Le Gargasson et al., 2015) -0.22 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., (2015) -0.97 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -0.13 (Ghana, Le Gargasson et al., 2015)
8	Costs borne by households (per dose)	0.11 (Measles, economic opportunity cost corresponding to transport and time cost for households, Cravioto et al., 2012)
9	Adverse events associated with the vaccine	No numerical estimation found for sub-Saharan Africa
9	Adverse events associated with the vaccine	4.24 (per dose survey reported cost, oral cholera vaccination, pre-emptive rural campaign, India, Mogasale et al., 2016)	4.28 (per dose cost adjusted for country level inflation and converting to 2014 US $, oral cholera vaccination, pre-emptive rural campaign, India, Mogasale et al., 2016)

	Cost category and subcategory	Lowest value, $	Highest value, $
1	Research and development -Phase I -Phase II -Phase III	100 million (Ebola, Phelps et al., 2017) -0,9 million (Rotavirus – GSK, Light et al., 2009) -0.1 million (Rotavirus – Merck, Light et al., 2009) -0.9 million (Rotavirus – Merck, Light et al., 2009)	2 billion (generic vaccine, Oyston and Robinson, 2012) -126 million (Rotavirus – Merck, Light et al., 2009) -3.6 million (Rotavirus – Merck, Light et al., 2009) -398,5 million (Rotavirus – Merck, Light et al., 2009)
2	Investments in the production plant	50 million (Facilities and equipment capitalized costs that depreciate over time, such as land, buildings, machinery, on-going costs of upkeeping repairs, maintenance and utilities, Plotkin et al., 2017)	700 million (Facilities and equipment capitalized costs that depreciate over time, such as land, buildings, machinery, on-going costs of upkeeping repairs, maintenance and utilities, Plotkin et al., 2017)
3	Cost of goods sold (per dose)	0.20 (Meningitis A vaccine, cost for a US vaccine manufacturer, considering volumes of 25–50 million doses annually, depending on composition, number of doses/vials and type of formulation, liquid or lyophilized, in case facilities and fill/finish lines are already available, Aguado et al., 2015)	1.35 (Meningitis A vaccine, cost for a US vaccine manufacturer, considering volumes of 25–50 million doses annually, depending on composition, number of doses/vials and type of formulation, liquid or lyophilized, Aguado et al., 2015)
4	Delivery costs (per dose) -Cold chain cost -Supply chain cost	0.30 (Oral polio, mass vaccination campaign in Bangladesh, IVI 2012)0.50 (Rotavirus, routine campaign, Senegal, Diop et al., 2015) -0.15 (Measles, catch-up campaign, Cravioto et al., 2012) -0.43 (Kenya 2012; Mvundura et al., 2015)	2.09 (Oral cholera, mass vaccination campaign, urban slum, Mozambique 2004, IVI 2012)8.07 (Rural health center, routine campaign, Zambia, 2011; Schütte et al., 2015) -5 (Malaria, Constenla, 2015) -1.21 (Mozambique, Mvundura et al., 2015)
5	Program preparation costs (per dose) -Microplanning activities -Training of personnel -Community sensitization and social mobilization -Other costs	0.42 (Full immunization, Mozambique, 2003 pre-emptive vaccination, urban setting, oral cholera, Mogasale et al., 2016) -0.040 (Measles, Cravioto et al., 2012) -0.040 (Measles, Cravioto et al., 2012) -0.05 (Full immunization, South Sudan, 2013, pre-emptive vaccination, refugee camp, rural setting, oral cholera, Mogasale et al., 2016) -0.067 (Full immunization, Mozambique, 2003, pre-emptive vaccination, urban setting, oral cholera, Mogasale et al., 2016)	1.22 (Full immunization, Tanzania, 2009, pre-emptive vaccination, urban and rural settings, oral cholera, Mogasale et al., 2016) -0.53 (Full immunization, South Sudan, 2013, pre-emptive vaccination, refugee camp, rural setting, oral cholera, Mogasale et al., 2016) -0.53 (Full immunization, Tanzania, 2009, pre-emptive vaccination, urban and rural settings, oral cholera, Mogasale et al., 2016) -0.69 (Full immunization, Tanzania, 2009 pre-emptive vaccination, urban and rural settings, oral cholera, Mogasale et al., 2016) -0.58 (Full immunization, South Sudan, 2013, pre-emptive vaccination, refugee camp, rural setting, oral cholera, Mogasale et al., 2016)
6	Administration costs (per dose) -Materials and supplies -Personnel cost -Supervision	0.65 (Oral polio vaccine program across 94 low- and middle-income countries, Portnoy et al., 2015) -0.05 (Syringes and safety boxes, Ethiopia, Memirie et al., 2020) -0.05 (Estimated for 94 low- and middle-income countries, 2010 dollars, Portnoy et al., 2015) -0.006 (Supervision, monitoring and surveillance, Hepatitis B birth dose, Senegal, 2016 dollars, Gosset et al., 2021)	5.51 (Rural health centers, Ghana, 2011 dollars, Le Gargasson et al., 2015) -0.19 (Kenya, typhoid conjugate vaccines, Antillón et al., 2017) -4.44 (Rural health centers, routine immunization in Zambia, Schü tte et al., 2015) -0.12 (Surveillance, including personnel (e.g. salaries), transport (e.g. vehicles), laboratory (e.g. microscopes) and office (e.g. buildings) and comprised recurrent and capital costs, meningitis, Niger, 2012 dollars, Irurzun-Lopez et al., 2016)
7	Procurement costs (per dose) -Cholera -Rotavirus -Meningitis A -Typhoid -Yellow fever -Tuberculosis -Papilloma virus -Malaria -Measles … …	-1.00 (Reported price per dose of Shanchol procurement costs, Mogasale et al., 2016) -0.94 (Kenya, Sigei et al., 2015) -0.41 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -0.50 (Uganda, Carias et al., 2015) -0.65 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -0.09 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -3.50 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -4.26 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -0.19 (Ghana, Le Gargasson et al., 2015) … …	-6.70 (Dukoral oral cholera vaccination, 2009, urban and rural Tanzania, pre-emptive vaccination setting, Dollars 2014, Mogasale et al., 2016) -7.00 (Initial price, Atherly et al., 2009) -0.52 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -2.91 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -0.80 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -0.10 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -4.41 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -4.85 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -0.30 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) … …
7	Procurement costs (per dose)… … -Pneumococcal conjugate -Pentavalent -Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis -Inactivated polio -Oral polio	… … -2.60 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -0.79 (weighted average price in 2019, UNICEF, 2018) -0.15 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -0.85 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -0.12 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015)	… … -7.00 (Ghana, Le Gargasson et al., 2015) -3.00 (Ghana, Le Gargasson et al., 2015) -0.22 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., (2015) -0.97 (Average price computed for 73 GAVI countries between 2011 and 2020, US $2010, Portnoy et al., 2015) -0.13 (Ghana, Le Gargasson et al., 2015)
8	Costs borne by households (per dose)	0.11 (Measles, economic opportunity cost corresponding to transport and time cost for households, Cravioto et al., 2012)
9	Adverse events associated with the vaccine	No numerical estimation found for sub-Saharan Africa
9	Adverse events associated with the vaccine	4.24 (per dose survey reported cost, oral cholera vaccination, pre-emptive rural campaign, India, Mogasale et al., 2016)	4.28 (per dose cost adjusted for country level inflation and converting to 2014 US $, oral cholera vaccination, pre-emptive rural campaign, India, Mogasale et al., 2016)