Heterogeneity of coastal cities
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Innovation | Innovation | Innovation | |
| Coastal × FTs | 0.282*** (6.67) | ||
| FTs | 0.626*** (20.05) | ||
| Coastal × CTs | 0.115* (1.65) | ||
| CTs | 0.629*** (11.32) | ||
| Coastal × GPTs | −0.137 (−1.50) | ||
| GPTs | 1.049*** (20.21) | ||
| Constant | 0.009*** (21.03) | 0.006*** (7.67) | 0.011*** (13.58) |
| Observations | 1,404 | 1,404 | 1,404 |
| R-squared | 0.971 | 0.958 | 0.942 |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| City FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Heterogeneity of policy resources | |||
| Policyresource × FTs | −0.182* (−1.72) | ||
| FTs | 1.052*** (10.19) | ||
| Policyresource × CTs | 0.338*** (5.15) | ||
| CTs | 0.528*** (9.65) | ||
| Policyresource × GPTs | 0.517*** (5.44) | ||
| GPTs | 0.619*** (10.98) | ||
| Constant | 0.008*** (14.57) | 0.006*** (11.11) | 0.011*** (18.02) |
| Observations | 1,404 | 1,404 | 1,404 |
| R-squared | 0.971 | 0.971 | 0.963 |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| City FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Heterogeneity of transportation accessibility | |||
| Transportation × FTs | −0.226** (−2.45) | ||
| FTs | 1.117*** (12.49) | ||
| Transportation × CTs | 0.028 (0.35) | ||
| CTs | 0.713*** (9.59) | ||
| Transportation × GPTs | −0.467*** (−3.13) | ||
| GPTs | 1.381*** (9.60) | ||
| Constant | 0.008*** (14.90) | 0.006*** (7.30) | 0.010*** (11.71) |
| Observations | 1,404 | 1,404 | 1,404 |
| R-squared | 0.970 | 0.957 | 0.943 |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| City FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Heterogeneity of city size | |||
| Cityscale × FTs | −0.313* (−1.84) | ||
| FTs | 1.205*** (6.94) | ||
| Cityscale × CTs | 0.104 (1.20) | ||
| CTs | 0.637*** (5.07) | ||
| Cityscale × GPTs | 0.223 (0.76) | ||
| GPTs | 0.690** (1.96) | ||
| Constant | 0.008*** (16.49) | 0.006*** (6.16) | 0.011*** (11.70) |
| Observations | 1,404 | 1,404 | 1,404 |
| R-squared | 0.969 | 0.957 | 0.942 |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| City FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Innovation | Innovation | Innovation | |
| Coastal × FTs | 0.282*** (6.67) | ||
| FTs | 0.626*** (20.05) | ||
| Coastal × CTs | 0.115* (1.65) | ||
| CTs | 0.629*** (11.32) | ||
| Coastal × GPTs | −0.137 (−1.50) | ||
| GPTs | 1.049*** (20.21) | ||
| Constant | 0.009*** (21.03) | 0.006*** (7.67) | 0.011*** (13.58) |
| Observations | 1,404 | 1,404 | 1,404 |
| 0.971 | 0.958 | 0.942 | |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| City | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Year | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Policyresource × FTs | −0.182* (−1.72) | ||
| FTs | 1.052*** (10.19) | ||
| Policyresource × CTs | 0.338*** (5.15) | ||
| CTs | 0.528*** (9.65) | ||
| Policyresource × GPTs | 0.517*** (5.44) | ||
| GPTs | 0.619*** (10.98) | ||
| Constant | 0.008*** (14.57) | 0.006*** (11.11) | 0.011*** (18.02) |
| Observations | 1,404 | 1,404 | 1,404 |
| 0.971 | 0.971 | 0.963 | |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| City | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Year | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Transportation × FTs | −0.226** (−2.45) | ||
| FTs | 1.117*** (12.49) | ||
| Transportation × CTs | 0.028 (0.35) | ||
| CTs | 0.713*** (9.59) | ||
| Transportation × GPTs | −0.467*** (−3.13) | ||
| GPTs | 1.381*** (9.60) | ||
| Constant | 0.008*** (14.90) | 0.006*** (7.30) | 0.010*** (11.71) |
| Observations | 1,404 | 1,404 | 1,404 |
| 0.970 | 0.957 | 0.943 | |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| City | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Year | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Cityscale × FTs | −0.313* (−1.84) | ||
| FTs | 1.205*** (6.94) | ||
| Cityscale × CTs | 0.104 (1.20) | ||
| CTs | 0.637*** (5.07) | ||
| Cityscale × GPTs | 0.223 (0.76) | ||
| GPTs | 0.690** (1.96) | ||
| Constant | 0.008*** (16.49) | 0.006*** (6.16) | 0.011*** (11.70) |
| Observations | 1,404 | 1,404 | 1,404 |
| 0.969 | 0.957 | 0.942 | |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| City | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Year | Yes | Yes | Yes |
***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05 and *p < 0.1
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