Epistemological and affective orientations
| Dimension | VUCA | BANI | PUMO |
|---|---|---|---|
| Knowledge | Ambiguous; partial | Incomprehensible; nonlinear | Contested; polarised |
| Emotion | Stress/urgency | Anxiety/overwhelm | Antagonism and pressure |
| Default mode | Adaptation | Stabilisation | Boundary work; cooling |
| Leadership | Sensemaking strategist | Psychologically attuned stabiliser | Boundary-spanning mediator |
| Dimension | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Knowledge | Ambiguous; partial | Incomprehensible; nonlinear | Contested; polarised |
| Emotion | Stress/urgency | Anxiety/overwhelm | Antagonism and pressure |
| Default mode | Adaptation | Stabilisation | Boundary work; cooling |
| Leadership | Sensemaking strategist | Psychologically attuned stabiliser | Boundary-spanning mediator |
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