Table 6.

Lifecycle stages of framing uncertainty and key actors

StageDescriptionSupply-side driversDemand-side driversExamples
EmergenceNew frames appear when existing interpretations no longer fitFuturists, theorists, consultants, innovative scholarsLeaders sensing gaps in prevailing framesVUCA, BANI, PUMO
DiffusionFrames spread through institutions and platformsConsulting firms, trainers, educators, influencersManagers, HR teams, journalists, online communitiesVUCA in leadership programmes; BANI on LinkedIn
StabilisationFrames become standard vocabularyBusiness schools, coaching firms, certification programmesOrganisations embedding frames in routines and narrativesVUCA as default uncertainty frame
SaturationOverexposure reduces clarity and usefulnessContent recycling by consultantsRoutine shorthand use; media repetitionVUCA in the 2010s corporate slides
ReplacementNew frames emerge as limits become visibleThought leaders proposing alternativesManagers seeking fresher narrativesBANI displacing VUCA; PUMO rising alongside BANI

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