Table 1.

KEM Deliverables against TTDI pillars and SDG 8.9

TypeKEM deliverableTTDI pillar(s) alignmentSDG 8.9 alignmentOperational indicators (destination-level)Empirical supportInterview support (frequency)
OutputEnergy auditsPrioritization of travel and tourism (government facilitation); environmental sustainability8.9.2 proxy: % firms implementing sustainable practices# tourism SMEs audited; % adoptingStrong18
PV installations/ renewable energyEnvironmental sustainability8.9.2 proxy: adoption of low-carbon operationskWp supported in tourism SMEs; # SMEs with PV; % electricity from renewablesModerate8
Eco-certificationsPrioritization of travel and tourism (government facilitation); environmental sustainability; socioeconomic impact (quality/jobs)8.9.2 proxy: share of employment in “sustainable” firms# and % of bed capacity with recognized eco-certificationsStrong22
Mobility solutionsEnvironmental sustainability; prioritization of travel and tourism; ground infrastructure8.9.2 proxy: availability of sustainable mobility services# pilots launched (rail links, shuttles/ride-share, last-mile); service-days offeredStrong22
Accessibility upgradesSocioeconomic impact (equity, inclusion); tourism services and infrastructure8.9 target: inclusive sustainable tourism offerings# accessible tourism assets; % sites with accessibility featuresModerate7
Training/ capacity buildingPrioritization of travel and tourism (capacity building); human resources and labour market8.9.2 proxy: workforce upskilling in sustainable practices# participants; training-hours delivered; % SMEsModerate9
Cultural/ heritage experiencesSocioeconomic impact (local culture, MSME participation); cultural resources8.9 target: promote local culture and products# new/updated cultural experiences; % local suppliersStrong20
OutcomeMobility performanceEnvironmental sustainability; socioeconomic impact (access); ground infrastructure8.9.2 proxy: user adoption of sustainable servicesRidership; modal share shift to low-carbon modes (%); estimated tCO2e avoidedStrong17
Accessibility coverageSocioeconomic impact (inclusion)8.9 target: inclusive sustainable tourism offerings% of experience portfolio with accessibility featuresEmerging3
Business uptakeEnvironmental sustainability; socioeconomic impact (MSME resilience)8.9.2 proxy: firm-level adoption of sustainable practices% SMEs implementing sustainability actionsStrong18
Energy/ cost outcomesPrice competitiveness8.9.1 complement: productivity/ cost savings% energy cost reduction among participating SMEsStrong21
Resident sentimentSocioeconomic impact (well-being; social license)8.9.2 proxy: societal support for sustainable tourismResident support index (0–100) for sustainable tourism actionsStrong32
ImpactSustainable demandDemand sustainability (complement); environmental sustainability8.9.1 complement: revenue from sustainable products/ services; 8.9.2 proxy: sustainable jobs/enterprises% revenue from sustainable products/servicesStrong17
Brand/ market signalingPrioritization of travel and tourism (branding); socioeconomic impact8.9.2 proxy: market uptake of sustainable offeringsShare-of-voice for sustainability in destination media; % reviews citing sustainabilityStrong23
Energy price resilienceEnvironmental sustainability; price competitiveness8.9.1 complement: stability supporting jobs/GDPIndex of energy cost variance per occupied room/visitor-day vs baselineStrong13
Cultural/ heritage conservationSocioeconomic impact (cultural vitality); cultural resources8.9 target: safeguarding local culture/products (proxy)% of tourism SMEs practicing traditional production process, offering local cultural services/productsModerate10
Community well-beingSocioeconomic impact (quality of life; cohesion)8.9.2 proxy: social outcomes of sustainable tourismCommunity well-being index (QoL composite: livability, perceived fairness, trust in tourism governance; perceived benefits vs costs)Moderate8
Source(s): Authors’ own work

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