Table 1

Scoring rubric for DBI drivers

DriverScore 1 (Low)Score 2 (Medium)Score 3 (High)
Data consumption: No. of usersSolution used by < 10% of target populationSolution used by 10–50% of target populationSolution used by > 50% of target population
Data consumption: Data literacyUsage requires advanced technical skills (e.g. data scientists only)Usage requires specific business training (e.g. business analysts)Intuitive usage accessible to non-technical staff (high democratization)
Data consumption: Time-to-marketSlow deployment (>12 months), typical of rigid waterfall cyclesStandard deployment (6–12 months)Fast deployment (<6 months), typical of Agile/MVP approaches
Business value: Income growthExpected income growth is < 10% of project costExpected income growth is 10%-50% of project costExpected income growth is > 50% of project cost
Business value: Risk managementStandard compliance with no significant risk reductionImproves monitoring of specific operational risksCritical for regulatory compliance, fraud prevention or strategic risk avoidance
Business value: Operational efficiencyMarginal efficiency gains (<10% time/cost reduction)Significant improvement in specific tasks (10–30% reduction)Radical process re-engineering or automation (>30% reduction)
Effort: Operational expenditureMinimal incremental costs (uses existing infrastructure)Moderate costs requiring budget allocation (e.g. standard cloud fees).High recurring costs (e.g., expensive GPU instances, proprietary licenses)
Effort: Technical debt managementNo new technical debt introduced; architecture enhances existing system stabilityTechnical debt is tracked and managed with minimal impact on operationsSignificant unaddressed technical debt and system instability introduced
Effort: Data governance overheadUses standard, non-sensitive data with existing policies.Requires specific privacy/security measures (e.g. GDPR compliance for customer data)Complex governance required for highly sensitive or unstructured data (e.g. health data, heavy NLP requirements)
Source(s): Authors’ elaboration

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