Table 2 LABS-III scores by category and... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

LABS-III scores by category and scale

Group	Scale
	Hierarchical thinking			Systemic thinking
	N	M	SD	N	M	SD
All graduates	109	40.13	13.35	109	22.83	8.79
Secondary^a	50	38.68	13.70	50	22.24	8.68
Undergraduate^a	55	41.26	11.96	55	23.01	8.82
Almost always leader^b	41	40.22	13.40	41	21.54	8.60

Group	Scale
	Hierarchical thinking			Systemic thinking
	N	M	SD	N	M	SD
All graduates	109	40.13	13.35	109	22.83	8.79
Secondary^a	50	38.68	13.70	50	22.24	8.68
Undergraduate^a	55	41.26	11.96	55	23.01	8.82
Almost always leader^b	41	40.22	13.40	41	21.54	8.60

Note(s): Total sample sizes vary across all groups due to missing data in some surveys

a

Total sample size of groups two and three together was 105.

b

Total sample size for how often leadership was held equaled 102

Source(s): Authors’ own work