Table 2

Summary of articles selected for review

StudySummary
Dulfer et al. (2024) Investigates how interaction between learners, instructors, and content in online learning environments affects students’ SB and engagement in higher education
Kingsley and Mihai (2023) Explores how using the Flip platform in online courses can enhance student connection and SB through video-based discussions
Guajardo (2023) This case study from Japan examines how value-creating and critical pedagogy approaches can foster a sense of community and belonging in online university courses during the COVID-19 pandemic
Zhou, Li, Xu, Holton, and Sato (2023) Revealed that study-together groups in online courses improved SB
Thacker, Seyranian, Madva, Duong et al. (2022) Found that interactive synchronous instruction particularly benefits underrepresented students (Black or African American and Hispanic) in STEM courses by cultivating feelings of belonging and engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic.
James, Bond, Kumar, Tomlins, and Toth (2022) Examines how twenty-five educators at an Australian university adapted their teaching practices to maintain student belonging during the transition to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
Clements et al. (2022) Revealed that the incorporation of learning assistants in introductory biology courses fostered a sense of course belonging and belonging to STEM
Edwards et al. (2022) Found a recursive relationship between students’ course level social belonging (measured as two separate components: SB and belonging uncertainty) and course performance in online chemistry courses during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Thacker, Seyranian, Madva, and Beardsley (2022) Interviews with twenty-five STEM faculty revealed varying approaches to supporting student belonging during the COVID pandemic, ranging from caring responses to crisis management
Cox, Stepovich, Bennion, Fauconier, and Izquierdo (2021) Analyzed how remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic differently impacted motivation and SB across various demographics on chemistry courses. It found particular course belonging challenges for females and certain ethnic groups (White/Caucasian and Black/African)
Thomas, Herbert, and Teras (2014) Explores students’ experiences of belonging in online courses and documents the methods instructors use to create belonging in virtual learning environments
Cheryan, Meltzoff, and Kim (2011) Found that the design of virtual classrooms impacts women’s interest and anticipated success in computer science courses by affecting their SB

Source: Author’s own work

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