Table 1 Main categories, sub-categories,...

Table 1

Main categories, sub-categories, codes and relevant stakeholders of the transversal drivers

Main category	Subcategory	Drivers	Code	Relevant stakeholders	Reference
(I) Collaborative and knowledge-sharing drivers	Multi-actor and Stakeholder Engagement	Cross-sectoral collaboration/multi-actor collaboration	CD-01	Government, Academia, Industry, Society	Fehrer et al. (2022), Owojori and Okoro (2022)
		Collaborative innovation/co-creation	CD-02	Academia, Industry, Society	Kasmi et al. (2022)
		Stakeholder Engagement	CD-03	Government, Academia, Society	Palafox-Alcantar et al. (2021)
		Societal Collaboration	CD-04	Society, Academia	Ezeudu and Kennedy (2024)
		Collaborative trust	CD-05	Academia, Industry	Hernandez Marquina et al. (2024)
		Ecosystem collaboration	CD-06	Academia, Industry, Government	Wielopolski and Bulthuis (2023)
		Collaborative knowledge integration	CD-07	Academia, Industry	Danvers et al. (2023)
	Shared Vision and Value Creation	Collaborative dynamic capabilities	CD-08	Academia, Industry	Schöggl et al. (2024)
		Shared value for innovation and co-creation	CD-09	Academia, Industry, Government	Little et al. (2023)
		Social co-creative vision	CD-10	Society, Academia	Müller et al. (2019)
		Value integration for sustainable innovation	CD-11	Academia, Industry	Reficco et al. (2018)
		Collective goals and shared value chain	CD-12	Government, Industry	Kuhlmann et al. (2023)
		Cross-sector collaboration and value co-creation	CD-13	Academia, Industry, Society	Calabrese et al. (2024)
	Innovation Spaces and Facilities	Collaborative innovation spaces	CD-14	Academia, Industry, Government	Kasmi et al. (2022)
		Shared innovation facilities	CD-15	Academia, Industry	Farrukh and Sajjad (2024)
		Knowledge exchange/collaboration/open innovation facilities	CD-16	Academia, Industry, Society	Perotti et al. (2025)
	Knowledge Sharing and Collaboration	Knowledge sharing and open innovation	CD-17	Academia, Industry	Jesus and Jugend (2023)
	Knowledge Sharing and Collaboration	Open innovation network	CD-18	Academia, Industry	Eisenreich et al. (2021)
	Synergistic Innovation	Incubation synergy	CD-19	Academia, Industry	Millette et al. (2020)
	Synergistic Innovation	Value Integration for Innovation	CD-20	Academia, Industry	Reficco et al. (2018)
	Financial and Institutional Support for Innovation	Collaborative financing supporting CE adoption	CD-21	Government, Industry	Muzamwese et al. (2024)
	Financial and Institutional Support for Innovation	Public-funded adoption of eco-innovation	CD-22	Government, Academia	Triguero et al. (2022)
(II) Organisational Drivers	Management and Operations	Institutional Sustainable Management and Practices	OD-01	Academia, Industry	Bossink et al. (2002)
		Sustainable Administration/Sustainable Management Fostering Collaboration	OD-02	Academia, Industry	Sohal and De Vass (2022)
		Operational Adaptation	OD-03	Industry, Academia	Brown et al. (2021)
		Operational Effectiveness	OD-04	Industry, Academia	Geissdoerfer et al. (2017)
	Leadership and Commitment	Organisational learning	OD-05	Industry, Academia	Santa-Maria et al. (2021)
		Top management commitment/support*	OD-06	Industry, NGOs	Santa-Maria et al. (2021)
		Adoptive management style	OD-07	Industry, Academia	Pieroni et al. (2019)
	Network Coordination	Network orchestration and cooperation	OD-08	Industry, Academia	Hansen and Schmitt (2021)
	Network Coordination	Coordinated objectives among the cross-sector	OD-09	Government, Industry, Academia	Leite and Ingstrup (2022)
(III) Economic Drivers	Incentives and Funding	Financial incentives for circular value creation	ED-01	Government, Industry	Pollard et al. (2023)
		Fiscal and Regulatory Motivations	ED-02	Government, Academia	Forastero (2023)
	Sustainable Value Creation	Circular value creation initiatives driven by economic incentives	ED-03	Academia, Industry, Government	Forastero (2023)

Main category	Subcategory	Drivers	Code	Relevant stakeholders	Reference
(I) Collaborative and knowledge-sharing drivers	Multi-actor and Stakeholder Engagement	Cross-sectoral collaboration/multi-actor collaboration	CD-01	Government, Academia, Industry, Society	Fehrer et al. (2022), Owojori and Okoro (2022)
		Collaborative innovation/co-creation	CD-02	Academia, Industry, Society	Kasmi et al. (2022)
		Stakeholder Engagement	CD-03	Government, Academia, Society	Palafox-Alcantar et al. (2021)
		Societal Collaboration	CD-04	Society, Academia	Ezeudu and Kennedy (2024)
		Collaborative trust	CD-05	Academia, Industry	Hernandez Marquina et al. (2024)
		Ecosystem collaboration	CD-06	Academia, Industry, Government	Wielopolski and Bulthuis (2023)
		Collaborative knowledge integration	CD-07	Academia, Industry	Danvers et al. (2023)
	Shared Vision and Value Creation	Collaborative dynamic capabilities	CD-08	Academia, Industry	Schöggl et al. (2024)
		Shared value for innovation and co-creation	CD-09	Academia, Industry, Government	Little et al. (2023)
		Social co-creative vision	CD-10	Society, Academia	Müller et al. (2019)
		Value integration for sustainable innovation	CD-11	Academia, Industry	Reficco et al. (2018)
		Collective goals and shared value chain	CD-12	Government, Industry	Kuhlmann et al. (2023)
		Cross-sector collaboration and value co-creation	CD-13	Academia, Industry, Society	Calabrese et al. (2024)
	Innovation Spaces and Facilities	Collaborative innovation spaces	CD-14	Academia, Industry, Government	Kasmi et al. (2022)
		Shared innovation facilities	CD-15	Academia, Industry	Farrukh and Sajjad (2024)
		Knowledge exchange/collaboration/open innovation facilities	CD-16	Academia, Industry, Society	Perotti et al. (2025)
	Knowledge Sharing and Collaboration	Knowledge sharing and open innovation	CD-17	Academia, Industry	Jesus and Jugend (2023)
	Knowledge Sharing and Collaboration	Open innovation network	CD-18	Academia, Industry	Eisenreich et al. (2021)
	Synergistic Innovation	Incubation synergy	CD-19	Academia, Industry	Millette et al. (2020)
	Synergistic Innovation	Value Integration for Innovation	CD-20	Academia, Industry	Reficco et al. (2018)
	Financial and Institutional Support for Innovation	Collaborative financing supporting CE adoption	CD-21	Government, Industry	Muzamwese et al. (2024)
	Financial and Institutional Support for Innovation	Public-funded adoption of eco-innovation	CD-22	Government, Academia	Triguero et al. (2022)
(II) Organisational Drivers	Management and Operations	Institutional Sustainable Management and Practices	OD-01	Academia, Industry	Bossink et al. (2002)
		Sustainable Administration/Sustainable Management Fostering Collaboration	OD-02	Academia, Industry	Sohal and De Vass (2022)
		Operational Adaptation	OD-03	Industry, Academia	Brown et al. (2021)
		Operational Effectiveness	OD-04	Industry, Academia	Geissdoerfer et al. (2017)
	Leadership and Commitment	Organisational learning	OD-05	Industry, Academia	Santa-Maria et al. (2021)
		Top management commitment/support*	OD-06	Industry, NGOs	Santa-Maria et al. (2021)
		Adoptive management style	OD-07	Industry, Academia	Pieroni et al. (2019)
	Network Coordination	Network orchestration and cooperation	OD-08	Industry, Academia	Hansen and Schmitt (2021)
	Network Coordination	Coordinated objectives among the cross-sector	OD-09	Government, Industry, Academia	Leite and Ingstrup (2022)
(III) Economic Drivers	Incentives and Funding	Financial incentives for circular value creation	ED-01	Government, Industry	Pollard et al. (2023)
		Fiscal and Regulatory Motivations	ED-02	Government, Academia	Forastero (2023)
	Sustainable Value Creation	Circular value creation initiatives driven by economic incentives	ED-03	Academia, Industry, Government	Forastero (2023)

Source(s): Development by the researchers from the literature review

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