Table 3

Convergence of student-reported GenAI use behaviors and qualitative themes

Qualitative themeGenAI use patternsConvergence focus
Theme 1: Improved Understanding and Concept ClarificationConcept clarification; simplification of complex material; use of examples and explanationsGenAI supports comprehension and conceptual understanding
Theme 2: GenAI as a Thinking Partner or Learning AidBrainstorming; idea organization; exploratory learningGenAI functions as a cognitive scaffold during early learning stages
Theme 3: Efficiency and ProductivityWriting refinement; summarization; workflow supportGenAI enhances efficiency while preserving student control over academic work
Source(s): Authors’ own work

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