Theoretical framework alignment to study findings
| Framework | Core constructs | Aligned findings |
|---|---|---|
| Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) | Perceived usefulness and ease of use |
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| Self-Directed Learning (SDL) | Learner autonomy, goal setting, self-regulation |
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| Digital Agency | Digital confidence, competence, ethical decision-making |
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| Framework | Core constructs | Aligned findings |
|---|---|---|
| Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) | Perceived usefulness and ease of use | Students with high confidence in technology are significantly more likely to use GenAI. |
GenAI is valued for increasing efficiency, organization and saving time | ||
| Self-Directed Learning (SDL) | Learner autonomy, goal setting, self-regulation | High GPA predicted GenAI use, suggesting motivated students proactively integrate tools to support learning |
GenAI is used to clarify instructions, support brainstorming and deepen understanding | ||
| Digital Agency | Digital confidence, competence, ethical decision-making | Students with strong digital fluency are more likely to adopt GenAI. |
Learners critically evaluated the usefulness and limitations of GenAI, expressed ethical concerns and used it to enhance academic voice |
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