Table 7

Negative binomial mixed-effects models predicting inaccuracy in human–robot collaborative order picking

Dependent variable: Inaccuracy (total errors per 20 min)
Scenarios model (M3a)Behavioral model (M3b)Interaction model (M3c)
Independent variableEstimateStd. errorEstimateStd. errorEstimateStd. error
Constant4.0881.7144.2061.9015.1612.112
Base performance: Medium−0.3860.331−0.4030.352−0.4140.353
Base performance: High0.3160.3620.3030.3720.2830.373
Order picking experience−0.0500.036−0.0500.036−0.0530.036
Order set #20.2100.3110.2100.3110.1820.314
Order set #30.5400.3000.5370.3010.5490.301
Scenario sequence−0.2890.249−0.2880.249−0.2870.249
Correct total order lines picked in 20 min0.0750.0290.0740.0290.0710.029
Scenario: Human leading0.6620.2630.6570.264−1.3411.960
Prevention focus  −0.0380.268−0.3050.374
(Scenario: Human leading) * (Prevention focus)    0.4720.459
Log-likelihood131.09 −131.08 −130.55 
Number of subjects60 60 60 
Number of rounds120 120 120 

Note(s): Italic type = significant at p < 0.05

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