Table 2

The classification of circularity level and scores in this study

Circularity level% scoreDescription
Very low<30 (0.30)Urgent alignment of the redesign with circular design guidelines is required
Low≥30 (0.30)Redesigning the product to align with circular design guidelines is considered compulsory
Moderate≥45 (0.45)Incorporation of circular design guidelines is recommended
Good≥70 (0.70)No significant improvement is necessary in the product design
Excellent≥85 (0.85)No specific action is required to improve circularity
Source(s): Authors’ own work

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