The 10R activities in HSC
| Category of circular activities | Circular strategies | Disaster phase | Example reference | Examples from the literature |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smarter product manufacturing and use | R0 − Refuse | Mitigation | George et al. (2020); Holguín-Veras et al. (2012) | Excess packaging, unsolicited items, expired donations |
| R1 − Rethink | Mitigation | Manceau and El-Zoubi (2024); Anjomshoae et al. (2023) | Unrecyclable materials | |
| R2 − Reduce | Mitigation, preparedness | WREC (2024); Sasahara et al. (2024) | Packaging, just-in-case stock, monitoring | |
| Extend lifespan of products and their parts | R3 − Reuse | Preparedness, response | Gibellini et al. (2022); Joint Initiative (2023a) | Unused supplies |
| R4 − Repair | Response, recovery | Karl and Scholz Karl (2022); Spear and Cross (2021) | Repair faulty products | |
| R5 − Refurbish | Recovery | Karl and Scholz Karl (2022); George et al. (2020) | Life jackets made into tarps | |
| R6 − Remanufacture | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
| R7 − Repurpose | Response, recovery | Joint Initiative (2023b) | Unused supplies for other purposes | |
| Useful application of materials | R8 − Recycle | Mitigation, recovery | Saidan et al. (2017); United Nations (2021) | Using biodegradable materials |
| R9 − Recover | Recovery | Khawaja et al. (2024); UNHCR (2023) | Waste-to-energy |
| Category of circular activities | Circular strategies | Disaster phase | Example reference | Examples from the literature |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R0 − Refuse | Mitigation | Excess packaging, unsolicited items, expired donations | ||
| R1 − Rethink | Mitigation | Unrecyclable materials | ||
| R2 − Reduce | Mitigation, preparedness | Packaging, just-in-case stock, monitoring | ||
| R3 − Reuse | Preparedness, response | Unused supplies | ||
| R4 − Repair | Response, recovery | Repair faulty products | ||
| R5 − Refurbish | Recovery | Life jackets made into tarps | ||
| R6 − Remanufacture | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
| R7 − Repurpose | Response, recovery | Unused supplies for other purposes | ||
| R8 − Recycle | Mitigation, recovery | Using biodegradable materials | ||
| R9 − Recover | Recovery | Waste-to-energy |
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