Table 1 List of critical success factors...

Table 1

List of critical success factors for integrating GLSS with Industry 4.0

No.	Critical success factors (CSFs)	Explanation of CSF	References
CSFs1	Robust project management and supervision	Robust project management capabilities enable organizations to effectively implement new infrastructure and initiatives, thereby supporting successful GLSS-I4.0 execution	Swarnakar et al. (2019)
CSFs2	Effective cooperation and alignment of interests among shareholders	Successful implementation of any change model, including I4.0, depends on strong collaboration across processes, employees and organizational units	Singh and Rathi (2020)
CSFs3	Effective communication at all organizational levels	Effective communication facilitates a quick understanding of concepts and guidelines, supporting the operative implementation of GLSSI initiatives	Samanta et al. (2024)
CSFs4	Adoption of sustainable packaging solutions	It states the execution of eco-friendly materials and practices in the design, production and use of packaging	Yadav et al. (2023a, b)
CSFs5	Adoption of environmentally sustainable transportation methods	Adopting environmentally sustainable transportation practices is critical to reducing environmental impacts, conserving resources and supporting sustainable urban development	Shokri and Li (2020)
CSFs6	The extent of executive leadership support for the alignment of GLSS and I4.0 initiatives	Through the involvement of senior management, workplace staff, operatives and other stakeholders are given appropriate consideration and support	Samanta et al. (2024)
CSFs7	Tracking performance following the integration of I4.0 and GLSS	A specialized recital intensive care system is essential to measure structural performance and enhance the administration of manufacturing operations	Singh et al. (2021a, b)
CSFs8	Promote greater coordination and integration across the supply chain to facilitate GLSS-I4.0 implementation	Incorporating the GLSSI approach into the supply chain demands dedication to sustainability, minimizing waste and fostering ongoing improvement	Sony and Naik (2020)
CSFs9	Educational initiatives for advanced technologies and GLSS	Organizations must allocate financial resources and dedicate time to training and educating their employees	Caiado et al. (2018)
CSFs10	An organized approach to embedding I4.0 within GLSS	To ensure overall effectiveness, process enhancement initiatives and infrastructure projects must be implemented using a systematic and coordinated approach	Gholami et al. (2021)
CSFs11	Eco-management system	A well-implemented eco-management system allows organizations to incorporate environmental factors into their everyday operations, embedding sustainability into their core business strategy	Pandey et al. (2018)
CSFs12	Skills, capabilities and competencies associated with design thinking	As a specialized and evolving problem-solving approach, it is fundamentally driven by the recognition and satisfaction of previously unaddressed customer needs	Singh et al. (2021a, b), Samanta et al. (2024)
CSFs13	Availability of standard operating procedures for GLSS-I4.0 integration	As this concept is comparatively new, organizations often lack well-defined SOPs to guide employees and maintain systematic operational processes	Sony and Naik (2020), Gaikwad et al. (2020)
CSFs14	Managing organizational change within GLSS-I4.0 initiatives	This is essential for the effective implementation of GLSS-I4.0 initiatives within organizations, as it facilitates employee adoption and adaptation to new technologies and work practices	Raval et al. (2021), Rathi et al. (2023)
CSFs15	Ready access to precise, reliable and current information	The prompt and precise retrieval of data helps organizations gain benefits and a competitive edge	Gaikwad et al. (2020)
CSFs16	Engaged and proficient workforce	Building an engaged and skilled workforce requires offering the necessary tools, resources and environment for employees to succeed	Pongboonchai-Empl et al. (2024)
CSFs17	Sufficient access to capital for investing in new technologies and implementation of GLSS-I4.0 practices	Emerging organizations require financial resources for principal savings to develop the capacity and abilities necessary for a combined strategy	Stankalla et al. (2018)
CSFs18	Process oversight and governance for GLSSI	The GLSSI methodology minimizes process variation, eliminates non-value-added activities and enables real-time monitoring and control	Yadav et al. (2023a, b)
CSFs19	Specialized information management system	In addition to systematic data collection and analysis, a key managerial priority is the implementation of a dedicated information management system	Gholami et al. (2021)
CSFs20	Aligning business strategies and information systems for GLSS-I4.0 integration	Since I4.0-enabled systems generate a large volume of data, effectively utilizing this data demands a consistent management approach	Kaswan et al. (2021)
CSFs21	Embracing a philosophy of continuous improvement	Adopting a continuous enhancement mindset involves creating a culture that prioritizes innovation, teamwork and learning	Shamsi and Alam (2018)
CSFs22	Built-in flexibility and responsiveness within the GLSS-I4.0 model	Organizational agility in rapidly learning and integrating new processes, systems and technologies is essential for the effective implementation of GLSS-I4.0 initiatives	Yadav and Desai (2017)
CSFs23	A culture of adaptability and continuous improvement aligned with GLSSI4.0 implementation	The presence of a positive organizational culture greatly facilitates the successful execution of organizational change initiatives	Kaswan et al. (2023)
CSFs24	Institutional readiness for GLSS implementation supported by I4.0 technologies	The structural readiness comprises physical and adaptive infrastructure, leadership attitudes, employee commitment and stakeholder alignment	Sony and Naik (2020), Gholami et al. (2021)
CSFs25	Focused on leveraging technological innovation and industry best practices	As with any organizational practice, success largely depends on the organization's capacity to adapt to evolving environmental conditions	Dalenogare et al. (2018)
CSFs26	An informed understanding of data security and privacy challenges	During organizational change, employees require a strong sense of security. The implementation of I4.0 principles enables continuous data generation to support ongoing, data driven operational decision-making	Kaswan and Rathi (2020)
CSFs27	Reliable data collection and retrieval	It emphasizes the processes used to collect and retrieve system-stored data, rather than focusing solely on the availability of accurate and timely information	Ershadi et al. (2021)

No.	Critical success factors (CSFs)	Explanation of CSF	References
CSFs1	Robust project management and supervision	Robust project management capabilities enable organizations to effectively implement new infrastructure and initiatives, thereby supporting successful GLSS-I4.0 execution	Swarnakar et al. (2019)
CSFs2	Effective cooperation and alignment of interests among shareholders	Successful implementation of any change model, including I4.0, depends on strong collaboration across processes, employees and organizational units	Singh and Rathi (2020)
CSFs3	Effective communication at all organizational levels	Effective communication facilitates a quick understanding of concepts and guidelines, supporting the operative implementation of GLSSI initiatives	Samanta et al. (2024)
CSFs4	Adoption of sustainable packaging solutions	It states the execution of eco-friendly materials and practices in the design, production and use of packaging	Yadav et al. (2023a, b)
CSFs5	Adoption of environmentally sustainable transportation methods	Adopting environmentally sustainable transportation practices is critical to reducing environmental impacts, conserving resources and supporting sustainable urban development	Shokri and Li (2020)
CSFs6	The extent of executive leadership support for the alignment of GLSS and I4.0 initiatives	Through the involvement of senior management, workplace staff, operatives and other stakeholders are given appropriate consideration and support	Samanta et al. (2024)
CSFs7	Tracking performance following the integration of I4.0 and GLSS	A specialized recital intensive care system is essential to measure structural performance and enhance the administration of manufacturing operations	Singh et al. (2021a, b)
CSFs8	Promote greater coordination and integration across the supply chain to facilitate GLSS-I4.0 implementation	Incorporating the GLSSI approach into the supply chain demands dedication to sustainability, minimizing waste and fostering ongoing improvement	Sony and Naik (2020)
CSFs9	Educational initiatives for advanced technologies and GLSS	Organizations must allocate financial resources and dedicate time to training and educating their employees	Caiado et al. (2018)
CSFs10	An organized approach to embedding I4.0 within GLSS	To ensure overall effectiveness, process enhancement initiatives and infrastructure projects must be implemented using a systematic and coordinated approach	Gholami et al. (2021)
CSFs11	Eco-management system	A well-implemented eco-management system allows organizations to incorporate environmental factors into their everyday operations, embedding sustainability into their core business strategy	Pandey et al. (2018)
CSFs12	Skills, capabilities and competencies associated with design thinking	As a specialized and evolving problem-solving approach, it is fundamentally driven by the recognition and satisfaction of previously unaddressed customer needs	Singh et al. (2021a, b), Samanta et al. (2024)
CSFs13	Availability of standard operating procedures for GLSS-I4.0 integration	As this concept is comparatively new, organizations often lack well-defined SOPs to guide employees and maintain systematic operational processes	Sony and Naik (2020), Gaikwad et al. (2020)
CSFs14	Managing organizational change within GLSS-I4.0 initiatives	This is essential for the effective implementation of GLSS-I4.0 initiatives within organizations, as it facilitates employee adoption and adaptation to new technologies and work practices	Raval et al. (2021), Rathi et al. (2023)
CSFs15	Ready access to precise, reliable and current information	The prompt and precise retrieval of data helps organizations gain benefits and a competitive edge	Gaikwad et al. (2020)
CSFs16	Engaged and proficient workforce	Building an engaged and skilled workforce requires offering the necessary tools, resources and environment for employees to succeed	Pongboonchai-Empl et al. (2024)
CSFs17	Sufficient access to capital for investing in new technologies and implementation of GLSS-I4.0 practices	Emerging organizations require financial resources for principal savings to develop the capacity and abilities necessary for a combined strategy	Stankalla et al. (2018)
CSFs18	Process oversight and governance for GLSSI	The GLSSI methodology minimizes process variation, eliminates non-value-added activities and enables real-time monitoring and control	Yadav et al. (2023a, b)
CSFs19	Specialized information management system	In addition to systematic data collection and analysis, a key managerial priority is the implementation of a dedicated information management system	Gholami et al. (2021)
CSFs20	Aligning business strategies and information systems for GLSS-I4.0 integration	Since I4.0-enabled systems generate a large volume of data, effectively utilizing this data demands a consistent management approach	Kaswan et al. (2021)
CSFs21	Embracing a philosophy of continuous improvement	Adopting a continuous enhancement mindset involves creating a culture that prioritizes innovation, teamwork and learning	Shamsi and Alam (2018)
CSFs22	Built-in flexibility and responsiveness within the GLSS-I4.0 model	Organizational agility in rapidly learning and integrating new processes, systems and technologies is essential for the effective implementation of GLSS-I4.0 initiatives	Yadav and Desai (2017)
CSFs23	A culture of adaptability and continuous improvement aligned with GLSSI4.0 implementation	The presence of a positive organizational culture greatly facilitates the successful execution of organizational change initiatives	Kaswan et al. (2023)
CSFs24	Institutional readiness for GLSS implementation supported by I4.0 technologies	The structural readiness comprises physical and adaptive infrastructure, leadership attitudes, employee commitment and stakeholder alignment	Sony and Naik (2020), Gholami et al. (2021)
CSFs25	Focused on leveraging technological innovation and industry best practices	As with any organizational practice, success largely depends on the organization's capacity to adapt to evolving environmental conditions	Dalenogare et al. (2018)
CSFs26	An informed understanding of data security and privacy challenges	During organizational change, employees require a strong sense of security. The implementation of I4.0 principles enables continuous data generation to support ongoing, data driven operational decision-making	Kaswan and Rathi (2020)
CSFs27	Reliable data collection and retrieval	It emphasizes the processes used to collect and retrieve system-stored data, rather than focusing solely on the availability of accurate and timely information	Ershadi et al. (2021)

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