Table 1

List of key drivers for AI incorporation in HSCM

AreaKey driversExplanationReferences
Technology (T)Interoperability (T1)Indicates the handling and evaluation of the collected data to ensure better communication among stakeholdersRojas Trejos et al. (2023), Samad et al. (2022) 
Data quality and integrity (T2)Refers to usability and credibility of data in terms of reliability and validityBeduschi (2022), Patil et al. (2023) 
Technology advancement (T3)Issues such as latency and security have been addressed with technological maturityKord and Samouei (2023), Samad et al. (2022) 
Improved performance output (T4)Well-defined testing models and tools enhance the performance in the applied areaKumar et al. (2023), Patil et al. (2023) 
Perceived advantages (T5)It necessitates the adoption of technological advancements owing to anticipated benefitsHosseini et al. (2023), Patil et al. (2023) 
Organization (O)Organization capacity (O1)The capability of the organization to invest and handle risks while adopting AICadden et al. (2022) 
Organizational involvement (O2)Indicates the support extended by the organization in embracing AICadden et al. (2022), Rahman et al. (2022) 
Competitive advantage (O3)Provides a competitive advantage edge among the competitors in the dynamic business environmentKumar et al. (2023), Modgil et al. (2022) 
Organizational culture (O4)Refers to consensus among the stakeholders in accepting the adoption of new technologyCadden et al. (2022) 
Organizational preparedness (O5)Related to the foresightedness of the organization in adopting new technologies for the development of the organizationDicuonzo et al. (2023), Samad et al. (2022) 
Human (H)Ethical Considerations (H1)Ensuring transparency and accountability in decision-making with AIKamran et al. (2023), Petersson et al. (2022) 
Data literacy and interpretation (H2)Humanitarian workers need analytical skills and domain knowledge to interpret data-driven insights from AI outputsPetersson et al. (2022) 
Technical expertise (H3)Availability of workers with technical competenceCadden et al. (2022), Pournader et al. (2021) 
Training facility (H4)Organizations must be able to train workers in AIBeduschi (2022), Dohale et al. (2022) 
Guarantee of job security for technologically semi-skilled workers (H5)AI adoption poses a threat to the job security of technically semi-skilled workersBeduschi (2022), Kabra et al. (2023) 
Institution (I)Government support (I1)Financial and infrastructure assistance by the government helps in AI adoptionKumar et al. (2023), Pournader et al. (2021) 
Establishment of business collaboration (I2)Helps in knowledge transfer and mutual benefit for the stakeholders involvedDubey et al. (2022), Kumar et al. (2023) 
Expanded business viability (I3)Helps in business expansionDubey et al. (2022), Kumar et al. (2023) 
Improves the functioning of health care sector (I4)Addresses the problems involved in the healthcare sectorCadden et al. (2022), Kumar et al. (2023) 
Business ecosystem management (I5)Intricate relationship among the stakeholders and participants needs to be managedModgil et al. (2022), Di Vaio et al. (2023) 

Source(s): Authors’ own contributions

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