Table 1

Eligibility criteria for the SLR on sustainable transportation

Inclusion criteriaExclusion criteria
English publicationsNon-English publications
Journal articles, conference papers and book chaptersConference reviews
Published between 2013 and 2025Publications outside the defined time window
Focused on transportation and logistics systems (e.g. urban freight, fleet management, waste collection, last-mile delivery)Studies focused exclusively on non-transport sectors (e.g. agriculture, manufacturing processes without logistics relevance)
Addressed environmental sustainability aspects such as GHG emissions, fuel or energy consumption or resource efficiency in transportationStudies addressing climate change, sustainability or ESG issues at a purely macro or policy level without operational or logistics focus
Examined vehicle routing problems (VRP) or related optimization models (e.g. GVRP, EVRP, CVRP, dynamic VRP)Studies focused solely on mathematical formulations or algorithmic complexity without reference to environmental implications
Investigated the role of digital technologies (e.g. IoT, AI, ML, big data, cloud computing, GIS, autonomous vehicles) in transportation or logisticsStudies addressing digital technologies in unrelated domains or without application to transportation or logistics
Discussed continuous improvement, operational excellence, or process improvement approaches (e.g. Lean, Six Sigma, Lean Six Sigma, Kaizen) in logistics operationsStudies addressing quality management or continuous improvement exclusively in manufacturing or healthcare without transferability to transportation
Source(s): Authors’ own work

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