Table 1

Internal consistency of measurement scales

ScaleKCronbach's alpha (Pakistan)Cronbach's alpha (Italy)
RLEP140.850.85
LDEP60.920.92
ESG-R90.850.89

Note(s): K = number of items; RLEP = relational leadership and ESG performance; LDEP = leadership, digital transformation and ESG performance; ESG-R = ESG reporting

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