Table 3 Mean comparison of countries on...

Table 3

Mean comparison of countries on core constructs

Variables	Pakistan (n = 54)		Italy (n = 43)		Statistical comparison	Effect size
	M	SD	M	SD	t	p	Cohen's d
RLEP	47.54	9.39	44.79	10.93	1.33	0.187	0.27
LDEP	21.43	5.75	18.84	7.44	1.93	0.056	0.47
ESG-R	31.74	6.43	30.42	9.86	0.79	0.428	0.04

Variables	Pakistan (n = 54)		Italy (n = 43)		Statistical comparison	Effect size
	M	SD	M	SD	t	p	Cohen's d
RLEP	47.54	9.39	44.79	10.93	1.33	0.187	0.27
LDEP	21.43	5.75	18.84	7.44	1.93	0.056	0.47
ESG-R	31.74	6.43	30.42	9.86	0.79	0.428	0.04

Note(s): M = mean; SD = standard deviation; RLEP = relational leadership and ESG performance; LDEP = leadership, digital transformation and ESG performance; ESG-R = ESG reporting

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