Table 4 Multiple regression analysis...

Table 4

Multiple regression analysis summary for predicting ESG reporting

Variable	B	SE	β	t	Sig.
Regression results for Pakistan (n = 54)
Constant	11.735	3.206		3.660	0.001
RLEP	0.121	0.089	0.177	1.368	0.177
LDEP	0.664	0.145	0.595	4.583	0.000
Model Fit
R² = 0.526, adj. R² = 0.508, F = 28.346
Regression results for Italy (n = 43)
Constant	0.062	3.045		0.020	0.984
RLEP	0.339	0.083	0.375	4.092	0.000
LDEP	0.806	0.122	0.608	6.633	0.000
Model fit
R² = 0.786, adj. R² = 0.775, F = 73.272

Variable	B	SE	β	t	Sig.
Regression results for Pakistan (n = 54)
Constant	11.735	3.206		3.660	0.001
RLEP	0.121	0.089	0.177	1.368	0.177
LDEP	0.664	0.145	0.595	4.583	0.000
Model Fit
R² = 0.526, adj. R² = 0.508, F = 28.346
Regression results for Italy (n = 43)
Constant	0.062	3.045		0.020	0.984
RLEP	0.339	0.083	0.375	4.092	0.000
LDEP	0.806	0.122	0.608	6.633	0.000
Model fit
R² = 0.786, adj. R² = 0.775, F = 73.272

Note(s): B = unstandardized coefficient; SE = standard error; β = standardized coefficient; RLEP = relational leadership and ESG performance; LDEP = leadership, digital transformation and ESG performance

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