Table 4 Structural model Direct effect β...

Table 4

Structural model

	Direct effect			β	Z-value
RQ1	EI	→	IRE	−0.02	−0.202
	PSY			0.29	1.68
	SOC			−0.03	−0.23
	PHY			0.29*	2.18
	EI	→	CRE	0.27**	2.85
	PSY			0.01	0.06
	SOC			0.04	0.40
	PHY			0.26*	2.07
RQ2	EI	→	SWB	0.01	0.14
	PSY			0.11	0.63
	SOC			0.06	0.51
	PHY			0.06	0.44
	EI	→	DP	0.04	0.36
	PSY			−0.14	−0.79
	SOC			0.14	1.18
	PHY			−0.03	−0.20
	EI	→	ANX	−0.08	−0.75
	PSY			0.31	1.60
	SOC			−0.07	−0.52
	PHY			−0.31*	−2.07
RQ3	IRE		SWB	0.15	1.60
	IRE		DP	−0.18	−1.89
	IRE		ANX	−0.16	−1.53
	CRE		SWB	0.39***	4.22
	CRE		DP	−0.12	−1.40
	CRE		ANX	−0.05	−0.54

	Direct effect			β	Z-value
RQ1	EI	→	IRE	−0.02	−0.202
	PSY			0.29	1.68
	SOC			−0.03	−0.23
	PHY			0.29*	2.18
	EI	→	CRE	0.27**	2.85
	PSY			0.01	0.06
	SOC			0.04	0.40
	PHY			0.26*	2.07
RQ2	EI	→	SWB	0.01	0.14
	PSY			0.11	0.63
	SOC			0.06	0.51
	PHY			0.06	0.44
	EI	→	DP	0.04	0.36
	PSY			−0.14	−0.79
	SOC			0.14	1.18
	PHY			−0.03	−0.20
	EI	→	ANX	−0.08	−0.75
	PSY			0.31	1.60
	SOC			−0.07	−0.52
	PHY			−0.31*	−2.07
RQ3	IRE		SWB	0.15	1.60
	IRE		DP	−0.18	−1.89
	IRE		ANX	−0.16	−1.53
	CRE		SWB	0.39***	4.22
	CRE		DP	−0.12	−1.40
	CRE		ANX	−0.05	−0.54

	Indirect effect					β	CI
RQ4	EI	→	IRE	→	SWB	0.00	[−0.854, 0.035]
	PSY	→	IRE	→	SWB	0.04	[−0.028, 4.356]
	SOC	→	IRE	→	SWB	0.00	[−0.622,0.039]
	PHY	→	IRE	→	SWB	0.04	[−0.046, 0.431]
	EI	→	CRE	→	SWB	0.11*	[0.001, 0.366]
	PSY	→	CRE	→	SWB	0.00	[−0.267, 1.062]
	SOC	→	CRE	→	SWB	0.02	[−0.079, 0.153]
	PHY	→	CRE	→	SWB	0.10	[−0.022, 0.742]
	EI	→	IRE	→	DP	0.00	[−0.046, 1.124]
	PSY	→	IRE	→	DP	−0.05	[−5.400, 0.037]
	SOC	→	IRE	→	DP	0.00	[−0.060, 0.623]
	PHY	→	IRE	→	DP	−0.05	[−0.810, 0.030]
	EI	→	CRE	→	DP	−0.03	[−0.290, 0.019]
	PSY	→	CRE	→	DP	0.00	[−0.410, 0.174]
	SOC	→	CRE	→	DP	−0.03	[−1.192, 0.024]
	PHY	→	CRE	→	DP	−0.03	[−0.407, 0.023]
	EI	→	IRE	→	ANX	0.00	[−0.064, 3.856]
	PSY	→	IRE	→	ANX	−0.05	[−16.061, 0.040]
	SOC	→	IRE	→	ANX	0.00	[−0.067, 2.810]
	PHY	→	IRE	→	ANX	0.00	[−0.416, 0.669]
	EI	→	CRE	→	ANX	−0.01	[−0.250, 0.058]
	PSY	→	CRE	→	ANX	0.00	[−1.483, 0.128]
	SOC	→	CRE	→	ANX	0.00	[−0.301, 0.023]
	PHY	→	CRE	→	ANX	0.00	[−0.230, 0.052]

	Indirect effect					β	CI
RQ4	EI	→	IRE	→	SWB	0.00	[−0.854, 0.035]
	PSY	→	IRE	→	SWB	0.04	[−0.028, 4.356]
	SOC	→	IRE	→	SWB	0.00	[−0.622,0.039]
	PHY	→	IRE	→	SWB	0.04	[−0.046, 0.431]
	EI	→	CRE	→	SWB	0.11*	[0.001, 0.366]
	PSY	→	CRE	→	SWB	0.00	[−0.267, 1.062]
	SOC	→	CRE	→	SWB	0.02	[−0.079, 0.153]
	PHY	→	CRE	→	SWB	0.10	[−0.022, 0.742]
	EI	→	IRE	→	DP	0.00	[−0.046, 1.124]
	PSY	→	IRE	→	DP	−0.05	[−5.400, 0.037]
	SOC	→	IRE	→	DP	0.00	[−0.060, 0.623]
	PHY	→	IRE	→	DP	−0.05	[−0.810, 0.030]
	EI	→	CRE	→	DP	−0.03	[−0.290, 0.019]
	PSY	→	CRE	→	DP	0.00	[−0.410, 0.174]
	SOC	→	CRE	→	DP	−0.03	[−1.192, 0.024]
	PHY	→	CRE	→	DP	−0.03	[−0.407, 0.023]
	EI	→	IRE	→	ANX	0.00	[−0.064, 3.856]
	PSY	→	IRE	→	ANX	−0.05	[−16.061, 0.040]
	SOC	→	IRE	→	ANX	0.00	[−0.067, 2.810]
	PHY	→	IRE	→	ANX	0.00	[−0.416, 0.669]
	EI	→	CRE	→	ANX	−0.01	[−0.250, 0.058]
	PSY	→	CRE	→	ANX	0.00	[−1.483, 0.128]
	SOC	→	CRE	→	ANX	0.00	[−0.301, 0.023]
	PHY	→	CRE	→	ANX	0.00	[−0.230, 0.052]

Note(s): EI = Ethnic identity; PSY = Psychological benefits; SOC = Social benefits; PHY = Physical benefits; IRE = Individual resilience; CRE = Community resilience; SWB = Subjective well-being; DP = Depression; ANX = Anxiety; * denotes p < 0.05; ** denotes p < 0.01; *** denotes p < 0.001

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