Table 1

Thematic analysis linking descriptive themes to analytical themes

Analytical themeDescriptive themeReferences
A1: System dynamics and thresholdsD1: Non-linear and abrupt system changeAhmed et al. (2018), Analoui and Fitzsimons (2009), etc.
A1: System dynamics and thresholdsD2: Catalysts and focal eventsCaso (2021), Choi and Ko (2025), Delaney (2015), Duggan and Bush (2014), etc.
A2: Governance and administrative agencyD3: Institutional capacity and resilienceAhmed et al. (2018), etc.
A2: Governance and administrative agencyD4: Proactive policy and intervention designClark et al. (2023), Fairbridge (2006), Gobble (2020), etc.
A2: Governance and administrative agencyD5: Systemic failures and administrative pathologiesAnaloui and Fitzsimons (2009), Börzel and Risse (2018), etc.
A3: Conceptual Framing and Strategic ActionD6: Tipping points as a discursive and political toolArmstrong McKay (2024), Bellamy (2023), Caso (2021), etc.
A3: Conceptual Framing and Strategic ActionD7: Individual and group thresholds for actionClark et al. (2023), Doabler et al. (2021), etc.

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