Table 4 Results of structural modeling –... | Emerald Publishing

Table 4

Results of structural modeling – hypothesis testing

Type of effect	Path	Path coefficient (β)	Bootstrapping results					R²	f²	Hypothesis supported
Type of effect	Path	Path coefficient (β)	Sample mean	Standard deviation	p values	LLCI	ULCI	R²	f²	Hypothesis supported
Direct	SQ → CL	0.244	0.246	0.042	<0.001	0.177	0.317	64.80%	0.048	H1 confirmed
	SE → CL	0.004	0.004	0.042	0.457	−0.065	0.071		0.000	H2 not confirmed
	CS → CL	0.650	0.649	0.054	<0.001	0.563	0.739		0.205	H3 confirmed
Indirect	SQ → SE → CL	0.004	0.003	0.034	0.457	−0.054	0.058	X		H4 not confirmed
	SQ → CS → CL	0.223	0.224	0.031	<0.001	0.174	0.277			H5 confirmed
	SE → CS → CL	0.358	0.357	0.040	<0.001	0.296	0.426			H6 confirmed
	SQ → SE → CS → CL	0.294	0.293	0.033	<0.001	0.242	0.350			H7 confirmed

Type of effect	Path	Path coefficient (β)	Bootstrapping results					R²	f²	Hypothesis supported
Type of effect	Path	Path coefficient (β)	Sample mean	Standard deviation	p values	LLCI	ULCI	R²	f²	Hypothesis supported
Direct	SQ → CL	0.244	0.246	0.042	<0.001	0.177	0.317	64.80%	0.048	H1 confirmed
	SE → CL	0.004	0.004	0.042	0.457	−0.065	0.071		0.000	H2 not confirmed
	CS → CL	0.650	0.649	0.054	<0.001	0.563	0.739		0.205	H3 confirmed
Indirect	SQ → SE → CL	0.004	0.003	0.034	0.457	−0.054	0.058	X		H4 not confirmed
	SQ → CS → CL	0.223	0.224	0.031	<0.001	0.174	0.277			H5 confirmed
	SE → CS → CL	0.358	0.357	0.040	<0.001	0.296	0.426			H6 confirmed
	SQ → SE → CS → CL	0.294	0.293	0.033	<0.001	0.242	0.350			H7 confirmed

Note(s): Only direct and indirect effects related to Customer Loyalty (CL) are reported here