Table A1

Dynamic capabilities and definitions

Name of DC and enablersDefinitionReferences
Product design managementIntegrating learning, coordination and skills during the design stage contributes to the skills and knowledge required for effective design managementSantos et al. (2018) 
SC collaborationRefers to enhanced connectivity, which enables companies to exchange information, increase transparency, and analyze data in real time among various partners in the supply chain, contributing to the organization's overall agility and responsivenessCao and Zhang (2011), Fawcett et al. (2011) 
Information sharing culture-capabilityA level of absorptive capability that exploits the know-how gained by companies to increase the willingness to share information. This DC improved the technology deployment level and increased case companies' value creationZacharia et al. (2011) 
Marketing-capabilityInvolves the development, release and integration of market knowledge aimed at helping firms evolve and adapt. This capability focuses on enhancing the organisation's marketing strategies and tactics to effectively meet its target customers' changing needs and preferencesKozlenkova et al. (2014) 
Supply market orientationInvolves a collaborative approach among upstream supply chain partners to increase transparency and improve environmental impacts in logistics, quality, productivity and innovation. This capability promotes sustainable and responsible sourcing practices, improves supplier relationships, reduces costs, and enhances organisational performanceFugate et al. (2008), Foerstl et al. (2020) 
Process innovationInvolves deploying any organisational activities to change how things are done, resulting in improved outcomesPiening and Salge (2015) 
Technology managementInvolves developing and exploiting technological capabilities, including a range of scientific and technological knowledge and financial activities both within and outside of an organisation. This capability also includes knowledge related to services that create value, encompassing the know-how and know-why aspects of technology managementCetindamar et al. (2009), De Arroyabe et al. (2021) 
Human resource management-capabilityInvolves deliberately designing and managing employees' knowledge, skills, and abilities to address changes in business environments. This capability encompasses employee well-being, performance and adaptability and focuses on building, integrating and reconfiguring these factors to meet an organisation's evolving needsKabongo and Boiral (2017), Apascaritei and Elvira (2022) 

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