Descriptive statistics
| Variable | N | Mean | Q1 | Median | Q3 | Std dev |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discretionary Bonus Weight | 9,510 | 0.055 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.157 |
| Formula Bonus Weight | 9,510 | 0.412 | 0.170 | 0.489 | 0.619 | 0.267 |
| Discretionary Bonus | 9,510 | 0.173 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.379 |
| Formula Bonus | 9,510 | 0.781 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.414 |
| Big4 | 9,510 | 0.900 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.300 |
| Earning Predict CF | 9,510 | 0.146 | 0.018 | 0.080 | 0.218 | 0.170 |
| Abnormal Accruals | 9,510 | 0.001 | −0.022 | 0.000 | 0.022 | 0.049 |
| ROA Volatility | 9,510 | 0.024 | 0.011 | 0.020 | 0.031 | 0.022 |
| Return Volatility | 9,510 | 0.092 | 0.058 | 0.081 | 0.112 | 0.050 |
| CEO Tenure | 9,510 | 7.795 | 2.496 | 5.608 | 10.501 | 7.518 |
| CEO Duality | 9,510 | 0.464 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.499 |
| R&D to Sales | 9,510 | 0.207 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.058 | 6.392 |
| B/M Ratio | 9,510 | 0.488 | 0.258 | 0.429 | 0.661 | 0.887 |
| Loss | 9,510 | 0.172 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.377 |
| Size | 9,510 | 7.668 | 6.531 | 7.593 | 8.741 | 1.683 |
| Leverage | 9,510 | 0.201 | 0.022 | 0.180 | 0.304 | 0.195 |
| Annual Return | 9,510 | 0.158 | −0.114 | 0.109 | 0.330 | 0.590 |
| ROA | 9,510 | 0.044 | 0.020 | 0.052 | 0.091 | 0.114 |
| Variable | Mean | Q1 | Median | Q3 | Std dev | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9,510 | 0.055 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.157 | |
| 9,510 | 0.412 | 0.170 | 0.489 | 0.619 | 0.267 | |
| 9,510 | 0.173 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.379 | |
| 9,510 | 0.781 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.414 | |
| 9,510 | 0.900 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.300 | |
| 9,510 | 0.146 | 0.018 | 0.080 | 0.218 | 0.170 | |
| 9,510 | 0.001 | −0.022 | 0.000 | 0.022 | 0.049 | |
| 9,510 | 0.024 | 0.011 | 0.020 | 0.031 | 0.022 | |
| 9,510 | 0.092 | 0.058 | 0.081 | 0.112 | 0.050 | |
| 9,510 | 7.795 | 2.496 | 5.608 | 10.501 | 7.518 | |
| 9,510 | 0.464 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.499 | |
| 9,510 | 0.207 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.058 | 6.392 | |
| 9,510 | 0.488 | 0.258 | 0.429 | 0.661 | 0.887 | |
| 9,510 | 0.172 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.377 | |
| 9,510 | 7.668 | 6.531 | 7.593 | 8.741 | 1.683 | |
| 9,510 | 0.201 | 0.022 | 0.180 | 0.304 | 0.195 | |
| 9,510 | 0.158 | −0.114 | 0.109 | 0.330 | 0.590 | |
| 9,510 | 0.044 | 0.020 | 0.052 | 0.091 | 0.114 |
Note(s): Presented in this table are the number of observations, mean, first quantile, median, third quantile, and standard deviation
Sharing content requires targeting cookies to be enabled. Please update your cookie preferences to use this feature.