Table 1 Summary statistics (1990–2024, N... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Summary statistics (1990–2024, N = 16 African economies, annual data)

Variable	N	Mean	Std. Dev.	Min	Max	Unit
Total debt service	509	12.44	10.18	0.67	81.36	% exports
Total debt service	492	2.95	2.46	0.17	19.77	% GNI
Adjusted net savings (ANS)	544	6.08	12.00	−33.22	40.14	% GNI
Energy depletion	544	2.42	5.59	0.00	35.89	% GNI
Mineral depletion	544	0.58	1.14	0.00	13.15	% GNI
Natural resource depletion	544	6.09	6.62	0.00	40.62	% GNI
Natural resource rents	544	8.30	7.61	0.20	47.77	% GDP
External debt stocks	490	48.46	29.56	3.90	139.44	% GNI
GDP growth	544	3.90	3.43	−14.14	15.38	% annual
Terms of trade index	544	93.86	20.70	31.88	168.63	2015 = 100
Governance index (PCA)	459	0.03	1.02	−1.80	2.61	Standardised
Current account balance	532	−2.31	6.34	−31.93	27.18	% GDP

Variable	N	Mean	Std. Dev.	Min	Max	Unit
Total debt service	509	12.44	10.18	0.67	81.36	% exports
Total debt service	492	2.95	2.46	0.17	19.77	% GNI
Adjusted net savings (ANS)	544	6.08	12.00	−33.22	40.14	% GNI
Energy depletion	544	2.42	5.59	0.00	35.89	% GNI
Mineral depletion	544	0.58	1.14	0.00	13.15	% GNI
Natural resource depletion	544	6.09	6.62	0.00	40.62	% GNI
Natural resource rents	544	8.30	7.61	0.20	47.77	% GDP
External debt stocks	490	48.46	29.56	3.90	139.44	% GNI
GDP growth	544	3.90	3.43	−14.14	15.38	% annual
Terms of trade index	544	93.86	20.70	31.88	168.63	2015 = 100
Governance index (PCA)	459	0.03	1.02	−1.80	2.61	Standardised
Current account balance	532	−2.31	6.34	−31.93	27.18	% GDP

Source(s): Author's computation using Stata 18 (2025)