Table 3 Evolution of research and... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3

Evolution of research and thematic areas

Period	Evolution of themes	Main research trends
1990–2000	Developing core definitions and measurement standards for OEE, primarily benefiting automotive and discrete manufacturing operations that had already adopted TPM practices	Terms like “TPM”, “Assembly line”, “Performance Measurement”, alongside OEE
1990–2000	Production (economics), “manufacturing”, “applied sciences”, and “downtime”	“Operations” and “Computer Science” with a transition towards “Lean”
2008–2016	It concentrated on the food and beverage and process manufacturing sectors through lean manufacturing and continuous improvement methods, with basic digital monitoring systems	Many “Lean Manufacturing” and the start of “Industry 4.0”. Alongside OEE
Current -post 2019	Shaped by Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 developments, which use OEE to link real-time data analytics with automation and sustainable manufacturing practices Human-centred considerations are more prominently proposed, proposing frameworks that balance automation with social and ergonomic value Strong connections to established terms that represent intelligent diagnostics, cyber-physical integration, and adaptive human-inclusive design strategies	“Operational diagnostics”, “Industry 4.0” and “Industry 5.0”
		“failure cause identification”, “intelligent manufacturing”, “modularity”, “special machinery”, “bottleneck identification”, “flexible manufacturing system” and “Industry 5.0”
		OEE research now focuses on digitally integrated production systems because of the mentions of “Industry 4.0” and “assembly line”. Some
		“Sustainability”

Period	Evolution of themes	Main research trends
1990–2000	Developing core definitions and measurement standards for OEE, primarily benefiting automotive and discrete manufacturing operations that had already adopted TPM practices	Terms like “TPM”, “Assembly line”, “Performance Measurement”, alongside OEE
1990–2000	Production (economics), “manufacturing”, “applied sciences”, and “downtime”	“Operations” and “Computer Science” with a transition towards “Lean”
2008–2016	It concentrated on the food and beverage and process manufacturing sectors through lean manufacturing and continuous improvement methods, with basic digital monitoring systems	Many “Lean Manufacturing” and the start of “Industry 4.0”. Alongside OEE
Current -post 2019	Shaped by Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 developments, which use OEE to link real-time data analytics with automation and sustainable manufacturing practicesHuman-centred considerations are more prominently proposed, proposing frameworks that balance automation with social and ergonomic valueStrong connections to established terms that represent intelligent diagnostics, cyber-physical integration, and adaptive human-inclusive design strategies	“Operational diagnostics”, “Industry 4.0” and “Industry 5.0”
		“failure cause identification”, “intelligent manufacturing”, “modularity”, “special machinery”, “bottleneck identification”, “flexible manufacturing system” and “Industry 5.0”
		OEE research now focuses on digitally integrated production systems because of the mentions of “Industry 4.0” and “assembly line”. Some
		“Sustainability”

Source(s): Authors' own work