Table 5 Result of direct, indirect and...

Table 5

Result of direct, indirect and interaction effects

Effect	Relationship	Std beta	Std error	t-value	p-value	BCCI 95%		VIF	f²
Effect	Relationship	Std beta	Std error	t-value	p-value	LB	UB	VIF	f²
Direct	H1: BDA-AI capabilities → Organisational resilience	0.270	0.068	3.994	0.000	0.160	0.384	1.444	0.076
	H2: BDA-AI capabilities → Service innovation	0.331	0.062	5.295	0.000	0.220	0.426	1.000	0.123
	H3: BDA-AI capabilities → Distribution efficiency	0.303	0.066	4.599	0.000	0.186	0.405	1.000	0.101
	H4: Service innovation → Organisational resilience	0.226	0.066	3.448	0.000	0.115	0.330	1.341	0.057
	H5: Distribution efficiency → Organisational resilience	0.170	0.065	2.604	0.005	0.455	0.604	1.393	0.031
	H6: Organisational resilience → Operational performance	0.537	0.045	12.010	0.000	0.455	0.604	1.021	0.399
Indirect	H7a: BDA-AI capabilities → Service innovation → Organisational resilience	0.075	0.027	2.778	0.005	0.029	0.134
	H7b: BDA-AI capabilities → Distribution efficiency → Organisational resilience	0.052	0.024	2.143	0.032	0.011	0.103
	H8: BDA-AI risk concerns*BDA-AI → Organisational resilience	−0.109	0.050	2.194	0.014	−0.182	−0.022
Control variable	Firm size → Operational performance	0.012	0.061	0.198	0.843	−0.111	0.132
	Firm age → Operational performance	0.002	0.056	0.040	0.968	−0.111	0.108
	Ownership → Operational performance	−0.054	0.054	1.016	0.310	−0.159	0.052
		R²	Q²
	Service innovation	0.109	0.095
	Distribution efficiency	0.092	0.080
	Organisational resilience	0.335	0.199
	Operational performance	0.291	0.136

Effect	Relationship	Std beta	Std error	t-value	p-value	BCCI 95%		VIF	f²
Effect	Relationship	Std beta	Std error	t-value	p-value	LB	UB	VIF	f²
Direct	H1: BDA-AI capabilities → Organisational resilience	0.270	0.068	3.994	0.000	0.160	0.384	1.444	0.076
	H2: BDA-AI capabilities → Service innovation	0.331	0.062	5.295	0.000	0.220	0.426	1.000	0.123
	H3: BDA-AI capabilities → Distribution efficiency	0.303	0.066	4.599	0.000	0.186	0.405	1.000	0.101
	H4: Service innovation → Organisational resilience	0.226	0.066	3.448	0.000	0.115	0.330	1.341	0.057
	H5: Distribution efficiency → Organisational resilience	0.170	0.065	2.604	0.005	0.455	0.604	1.393	0.031
	H6: Organisational resilience → Operational performance	0.537	0.045	12.010	0.000	0.455	0.604	1.021	0.399
Indirect	H7a: BDA-AI capabilities → Service innovation → Organisational resilience	0.075	0.027	2.778	0.005	0.029	0.134
	H7b: BDA-AI capabilities → Distribution efficiency → Organisational resilience	0.052	0.024	2.143	0.032	0.011	0.103
	H8: BDA-AI risk concerns*BDA-AI → Organisational resilience	−0.109	0.050	2.194	0.014	−0.182	−0.022
Control variable	Firm size → Operational performance	0.012	0.061	0.198	0.843	−0.111	0.132
	Firm age → Operational performance	0.002	0.056	0.040	0.968	−0.111	0.108
	Ownership → Operational performance	−0.054	0.054	1.016	0.310	−0.159	0.052
		R²	Q²
	Service innovation	0.109	0.095
	Distribution efficiency	0.092	0.080
	Organisational resilience	0.335	0.199
	Operational performance	0.291	0.136

Note(s): BDA-AI = Big data analytics and artificial intelligence. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. Std Beta = Standard beta; Std Error = Standard error; BCCI = Bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval; LB = Lower bound; UB = Upper bound; VIF = Variance inflation factor; R² = Coefficients of determination; Q² = Predictive relevance; Effect size (f²): T = Trivial (<0.02), S = Small (0.02–0.15), M = Medium (0.15–0.35), L = Large (>0.35) (Cohen, 1988)

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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