Table 2.

Descriptive statistics

VariablesMeanSTD25thMedian75th
Panel A. Continuous variables
NCSKEW−0.0201.030−0.8120.0080.839
DUVOL0.0040.8800.0490.1050.115
COUNT0.8222.261−1.0001.0002.000
LP_QUALITY0.7340.3650.5001.0001.000
RP_QUALITY0.6980.3280.5000.8331.000
LP_INDEXPERIENCE0.6212.0470.0360.1500.843
RP_INDEXPERIENCE0.5961.9810.0290.1020.382
LP_WORKLOAD56.90092.1634.00015.00063.000
RP_WORKLOAD29.96140.3904.00012.00043.000
LP_CI0.6380.3860.2340.8141.000
RP_CI0.5260.4040.1010.4751.000
LNAUDDELAY4.2990.3934.0074.4074.625
AUDTEN4.1254.0021.0003.0004.000
OPNINT1.4401.8820.0001.0003.000
BDSIZE5.0490.3185.0005.0005.000
LAGNCSKEW−0.0370.933−0.652−0.0400.646
BETA0.6340.8780.0690.5581.119
DEBTRATIO1.8712.2760.7031.2952.343
SIZE14.2591.61613.21514.03915.040
ROA0.1530.1460.0600.1320.233
AGEt3.5680.3963.2963.6643.892
LEVERAGE0.5890.2460.4350.5850.725
MB4.1696.4691.4562.3674.084
ZMJSCORE−2.2381.783−3.315−2.177−1.258
Variable0 (Count)0 (%)1 (Count)1 (%)
Panel B. Dummy variables
CRASH2,07671.6482228.36
LP_GENDER2,64891.372508.63
RP_GENDER2,71893.791806.21
AUDTYPE2,30879.6459020.36
ACEXST1,04536.061,85363.94
Note(s):

All continuous variables are winsorized at the 1st and 99th percentiles to reduce the impact of outliers

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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