Overview of rapid review study results
| Author and year | Country | Study design | Location and mode of delivery | Target population and sample size | Involvement of CBOs? In what capacity? | Involvement of volunteers? In what capacity? | Involvement of leisure? In what capacity? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vielvoye et al. (2023) | The Netherlands | Qualitative | Hospital and Home; In-person | CG only; 18 CG | No | No | No |
| Nazari et al. (2024) | Iran | Randomized Controlled Trial | Hospital and Home; Virtual (Video Call/Conferencing); Phone | CG and SS; 60 (30 SS and CG intervention group; 30 SS and CG control group) | Yes; Education on how and when to contact community services | No | No |
| Kuo et al. (2024) | Taiwan | Quasi-experimental | Inpatient and Home; In-person; Virtual (Video Call/Conferencing) | CG and SS; 105 (54 SS and CG intervention group; 51 SS and CG control group) | No | No | No |
| Kalra et al. (2004) | England | Randomized Control Trial | Inpatient and Home; In-person | CG and SS; 300 (151 CG intervention group; 149 CG control group) | No | No | No |
| Jarvis et al. (2019) | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Exploratory | Hospital/Acute only; In-person | CG only; 89 CGs | No | No | No |
| Mou et al. (2022) | China | Randomized Control Trial | Inpatient and Home; In-person; Phone | CG and SS; 40 (20 SS and CG intervention group; 20 SS and CG control group) | No | No | No |
| Bierhals et al. (2023) | Brazil | Randomized Control Trial | Home only; In-person | CG only; 48 (24 CG intervention group; 24 CG control group) | No | No | No |
| Egan et al. (2010) | Canada | Exploratory | Community setting only; In-person | CG and SS; 73 (41 SS and 32 CG) | Yes; Recruitment through CBO (organizational newsletter, phone calls, local news posting). Referral of community programs that suited needs/interests of participant | No | Yes; Evaluation of leisure participation during assessment. Referral to sustainable leisure pursuits |
| Aguirrezabal et al. (2013) | Spain | Nonrandomized, Control | Hospital/Acute only; In-person | CG and SS; 150 (76 SS and 73 CG intervention group; 74 SS and 33 CG control group) | No | No | No |
| Pitthayapong et al. (2017) | Thailand | Quasi-experimental | Community/Outpatient and Home; In-person | CG and SS; 62 (31 SS and CG intervention group; 31 SS and CG control group) | No | No | No |
| Ferguson et al. (2020) | United States | Nonrandomized, Longitudinal | Hospital/Acute only; In-person | CG only; 27 CG | Yes; List of community resources (such as stroke support groups) available post-discharge | No | Yes; Resource document listed leisure-based modalities for self-care (e.g. exercise, music, deep breathing) |
| Ramazanu et al. (2021) | China | Interpretive, Descriptive | Inpatient only; In-person | CG and SS; 14 (7 SS and 7 CG) | No | No | No |
| Ritsma et al. (2023) | Canada | Effectiveness | Inpatient only; In-person; Virtual (Video Call/Conferencing) | CG and SS; 48 SS and CG | No | No | No |
| Ng et al. (2005) | China | Prospective | Home only; In-person; Phone | CG and SS; 144 SS and CG) | No | No | No |
| Hosseini et al. (2022) | Iran | Randomized Control Trial | Home only; Phone | CG and SS; 72 (36 SS and CG intervention group; 34 SS and CG control group) | No | No | No |
| Bitek and Erol (2023) | Turkey | Randomized Control Trial | Hospital and Home; In-person; Phone | CG and SS; 69 (34 SS and CG intervention group; 35 SS and CG control group) | No | No | No |
| Lincoln et al. (2003) | United Kingdon (England) | Randomized Control Trial | Inpatient and Home; In-person; Phone | CG and SS; 250 (126 SS and CG intervention group; 124 SS and CG control group) | Yes; Information package provided by CBO | No | No |
| Shyu et al. (2008) | Taiwan | Randomized Experimental | Hospital and Home; In-person; Phone | CG and SS; 201 (97 SS and CG intervention group; 104 SS and control group) | No | No | No |
| Shyu et al. (2010) | Taiwan | Clinical Trial | Hospital and Home; In-person; Phone | CG and SS; 201 (97 SS and CG intervention group; 104 SS and control group) | No | No | No |
| Cameron et al. (2015) | Canada | Randomized Control Trial | Hospital and Home; In-person; Phone | CG only; 31 (10 CG standard care; 10 CG self-directed intervention; 11 CG SSP-directed intervention) | No | No | No |
| Lutz et al. (2023) | United States | Pragmatic Cluster-randomized Trial | Community/Outpatient and Home; In-person; Phone | CG and SS; 1,228 (1722 SS and CG intervention group; 2486 SS and CG control group) | No | No | No |
| Ostwald et al. (2014) | United States | Randomized Trial | Home only; In-person; Mail | CG and SS; 159 (79 SS and CG home-based intervention group; 80 SS and CG mailed intervention control group) | Yes; Personalized letters included links to support groups | No | Yes; Personalized letters included tips for leisure activity adaptations |
| Lin et al. (2022b) | China | Randomized Control Trial | Hospital/acute and Outpatient; In-person; Phone | CG and SS; 140 (70 SS and CG intervention group; 70 SS and CG control group) | No | No | No |
| Araújo et al. (2018) | Portugal | Quasi-experimental | Community/Outpatient and Home; In-person | CG only; 174 (85 intervention group; 89 control group) | No | No | No |
| Woodward et al. (2021) | United States | Randomized Control Trial | Home only; In-person; Virtual (Video Call/Conferencing); Phone | CG and SS; 169 (57 CG intervention; 54 CG intervention + website resource; 58 CG control usual care) | No | No | No |
| Author and year | Country | Study design | Location and mode of delivery | Target population and sample size | Involvement of CBOs? In what capacity? | Involvement of volunteers? In what capacity? | Involvement of leisure? In what capacity? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Netherlands | Qualitative | Hospital and Home; In-person | CG only; 18 CG | No | No | No | |
| Iran | Randomized Controlled Trial | Hospital and Home; Virtual (Video Call/Conferencing); Phone | CG and SS; 60 (30 SS and CG intervention group; 30 SS and CG control group) | Yes; Education on how and when to contact community services | No | No | |
| Taiwan | Quasi-experimental | Inpatient and Home; In-person; Virtual (Video Call/Conferencing) | CG and SS; 105 (54 SS and CG intervention group; 51 SS and CG control group) | No | No | No | |
| England | Randomized Control Trial | Inpatient and Home; In-person | CG and SS; 300 (151 CG intervention group; 149 CG control group) | No | No | No | |
| United Kingdom (Scotland) | Exploratory | Hospital/Acute only; In-person | CG only; 89 CGs | No | No | No | |
| China | Randomized Control Trial | Inpatient and Home; In-person; Phone | CG and SS; 40 (20 SS and CG intervention group; 20 SS and CG control group) | No | No | No | |
| Brazil | Randomized Control Trial | Home only; In-person | CG only; 48 (24 CG intervention group; 24 CG control group) | No | No | No | |
| Canada | Exploratory | Community setting only; In-person | CG and SS; 73 (41 SS and 32 CG) | Yes; Recruitment through CBO (organizational newsletter, phone calls, local news posting). Referral of community programs that suited needs/interests of participant | No | Yes; Evaluation of leisure participation during assessment. Referral to sustainable leisure pursuits | |
| Spain | Nonrandomized, Control | Hospital/Acute only; In-person | CG and SS; 150 (76 SS and 73 CG intervention group; 74 SS and 33 CG control group) | No | No | No | |
| Thailand | Quasi-experimental | Community/Outpatient and Home; In-person | CG and SS; 62 (31 SS and CG intervention group; 31 SS and CG control group) | No | No | No | |
| United States | Nonrandomized, Longitudinal | Hospital/Acute only; In-person | CG only; 27 CG | Yes; List of community resources (such as stroke support groups) available post-discharge | No | Yes; Resource document listed leisure-based modalities for self-care (e.g. exercise, music, deep breathing) | |
| China | Interpretive, Descriptive | Inpatient only; In-person | CG and SS; 14 (7 SS and 7 CG) | No | No | No | |
| Canada | Effectiveness | Inpatient only; In-person; Virtual (Video Call/Conferencing) | CG and SS; 48 SS and CG | No | No | No | |
| China | Prospective | Home only; In-person; Phone | CG and SS; 144 SS and CG) | No | No | No | |
| Iran | Randomized Control Trial | Home only; Phone | CG and SS; 72 (36 SS and CG intervention group; 34 SS and CG control group) | No | No | No | |
| Turkey | Randomized Control Trial | Hospital and Home; In-person; Phone | CG and SS; 69 (34 SS and CG intervention group; 35 SS and CG control group) | No | No | No | |
| United Kingdon (England) | Randomized Control Trial | Inpatient and Home; In-person; Phone | CG and SS; 250 (126 SS and CG intervention group; 124 SS and CG control group) | Yes; Information package provided by CBO | No | No | |
| Taiwan | Randomized Experimental | Hospital and Home; In-person; Phone | CG and SS; 201 (97 SS and CG intervention group; 104 SS and control group) | No | No | No | |
| Taiwan | Clinical Trial | Hospital and Home; In-person; Phone | CG and SS; 201 (97 SS and CG intervention group; 104 SS and control group) | No | No | No | |
| Canada | Randomized Control Trial | Hospital and Home; In-person; Phone | CG only; 31 (10 CG standard care; 10 CG self-directed intervention; 11 CG SSP-directed intervention) | No | No | No | |
| United States | Pragmatic Cluster-randomized Trial | Community/Outpatient and Home; In-person; Phone | CG and SS; 1,228 (1722 SS and CG intervention group; 2486 SS and CG control group) | No | No | No | |
| United States | Randomized Trial | Home only; In-person; Mail | CG and SS; 159 (79 SS and CG home-based intervention group; 80 SS and CG mailed intervention control group) | Yes; Personalized letters included links to support groups | No | Yes; Personalized letters included tips for leisure activity adaptations | |
| China | Randomized Control Trial | Hospital/acute and Outpatient; In-person; Phone | CG and SS; 140 (70 SS and CG intervention group; 70 SS and CG control group) | No | No | No | |
| Portugal | Quasi-experimental | Community/Outpatient and Home; In-person | CG only; 174 (85 intervention group; 89 control group) | No | No | No | |
| United States | Randomized Control Trial | Home only; In-person; Virtual (Video Call/Conferencing); Phone | CG and SS; 169 (57 CG intervention; 54 CG intervention + website resource; 58 CG control usual care) | No | No | No |
Note(s): CG, caregiver; SS, stroke survivor
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