Inclusion and exclusion criteria
| PCC | Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|---|
| Participants (P) | Healthcare leaders (e.g. nurse leaders, healthcare leaders, supervisors, administrators, managers) | Other healthcare professionals, students and patients |
| Concept (C) | Ethical challenges in healthcare leadership | Not related to ethical challenges in healthcare leadership |
| Context (C) | Healthcare organisations and the healthcare sector in any geographic location | Not related to the healthcare sector or organisations |
| Type of source | Studies using quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods designs, as well as unpublished studies, theoretical papers, features, case study scenarios and journal articles. Published in English, Finnish or Swedish. Studies from January 2020 to August 2025 | Books, thesis, reviews |
| Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria | |
|---|---|---|
| Participants (P) | Healthcare leaders (e.g. nurse leaders, healthcare leaders, supervisors, administrators, managers) | Other healthcare professionals, students and patients |
| Concept (C) | Ethical challenges in healthcare leadership | Not related to ethical challenges in healthcare leadership |
| Context (C) | Healthcare organisations and the healthcare sector in any geographic location | Not related to the healthcare sector or organisations |
| Type of source | Studies using quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods designs, as well as unpublished studies, theoretical papers, features, case study scenarios and journal articles. Published in English, Finnish or Swedish. Studies from January 2020 to August 2025 | Books, thesis, reviews |
If a study includes professionals other than leaders, the minimum requirement is that leaders constitute at least 50% of the participants
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