Table 5 The gap between the solution of...

Table 5

The gap between the solution of the model and the baseline assignments

Objective function	The baseline approach	The proposed model*	Gap%**
(1.1) Caseload deviation	33	1	96.97%
(1.2) Risk- and class-category load deviation	471	9	98.09%
(1.3) Advisor-preference mismatch penalty	35	19	45.71%
(1.4) Distinct majors per advisor	31	18	41.94%
Overall	570	47	91.75%

Objective function	The baseline approach	The proposed model*	Gap%**
(1.1) Caseload deviation	33	1	96.97%
(1.2) Risk- and class-category load deviation	471	9	98.09%
(1.3) Advisor-preference mismatch penalty	35	19	45.71%
(1.4) Distinct majors per advisor	31	18	41.94%
Overall	570	47	91.75%

Note(s): *Calculations completed within a 4-h limit, reaching an 18.27% optimality gap. **Gap% = ((Baseline − Proposed)/Baseline) × 100

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