Table 1 Conceptual model contribution to... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Conceptual model contribution to the existing theoretical gaps

Theory	Knowledge-Based view (KBV)	Resource-Based view (RBV)	Enterprise risk management (ERM)	Natural Resource-Based view (NRBV)
Focus of prior research	Knowledge as primary strategic asset driving competitive advantage and performance (Kogut and Zander, 1992; Priem and Butler, 2001)	Organizational resources and capabilities as sources of competitive advantage (Priem and Butler, 2001; Castrogiovanni et al., 2016)	Alignment of risk management with business strategy to support resilience and performance (COSO, 2024; Oliva, 2016)	Environmental strategy as source of competitive advantage (Hart, 1995; He et al., 2023)
Model pathway	GS → DKM → ERM → P	DKM → ERM → P	GS → ERM → P	GS → GP → ERM → P
Mechanism	DKM coordinating fragmented risk-related knowledge across organizational units	ERM as organizational capability transforming knowledge resources into performance outcomes	ERM as mediator between knowledge processes and firm performance in sustainability context	GS and GP activating knowledge and risk management capabilities
Theoretical gap	Limited evidence on how dispersed risk-related knowledge enables integrated risk management and sustainability performance	Insufficient understanding of how risk-management capabilities mediate the strategy–performance relationship	Limited empirical evidence on ERM’s role within sustainability-oriented strategic frameworks	Limited understanding of mechanisms translating green strategy into performance outcomes
Contribution	Demonstrates that risk-related DKM precedes and enables ERM as part of a sequential capability-building mechanism	Empirically validates ERM as mediating capability linking knowledge mobilization to firm performance	Shows that ERM contributes to performance only when supported by upstream knowledge processes	Identifies DKM → ERM chain as dominant pathway linking green strategy to performance
Hypotheses	H1a, H2a, H4a, H6, H9	H3, H5, H6, H7	H1c, H2a, H2b, H3, H5, H6, H7	H1a, H1b, H1c, H4b H8, H10

Theory	Knowledge-Based view (KBV)	Resource-Based view (RBV)	Enterprise risk management (ERM)	Natural Resource-Based view (NRBV)
Focus of prior research	Knowledge as primary strategic asset driving competitive advantage and performance (Kogut and Zander, 1992; Priem and Butler, 2001)	Organizational resources and capabilities as sources of competitive advantage (Priem and Butler, 2001; Castrogiovanni et al., 2016)	Alignment of risk management with business strategy to support resilience and performance (COSO, 2024; Oliva, 2016)	Environmental strategy as source of competitive advantage (Hart, 1995; He et al., 2023)
Model pathway	GS → DKM → ERM → P	DKM → ERM → P	GS → ERM → P	GS → GP → ERM → P
Mechanism	DKM coordinating fragmented risk-related knowledge across organizational units	ERM as organizational capability transforming knowledge resources into performance outcomes	ERM as mediator between knowledge processes and firm performance in sustainability context	GS and GP activating knowledge and risk management capabilities
Theoretical gap	Limited evidence on how dispersed risk-related knowledge enables integrated risk management and sustainability performance	Insufficient understanding of how risk-management capabilities mediate the strategy–performance relationship	Limited empirical evidence on ERM’s role within sustainability-oriented strategic frameworks	Limited understanding of mechanisms translating green strategy into performance outcomes
Contribution	Demonstrates that risk-related DKM precedes and enables ERM as part of a sequential capability-building mechanism	Empirically validates ERM as mediating capability linking knowledge mobilization to firm performance	Shows that ERM contributes to performance only when supported by upstream knowledge processes	Identifies DKM → ERM chain as dominant pathway linking green strategy to performance
Hypotheses	H1a, H2a, H4a, H6, H9	H3, H5, H6, H7	H1c, H2a, H2b, H3, H5, H6, H7	H1a, H1b, H1c, H4b H8, H10

Source(s): Own elaboration