Table 5 Structural model assessment:... | Emerald Publishing

Table 5

Structural model assessment: Direct effects

Direct relationship	Effect type	Direct β (without controls)	t value	p value	f²	Direct β (with controls)	t value	p value	Decision
GS → DKM	Direct	0,631	10,124	0,000	0,661	0,631	9,866	0,000	Supported
GS → GP	Direct	0,723	13,253	0,000	1,095	0,723	13,030	0,000	Supported
GS → ERM	Direct	0,138	1,414	0,157	0,022	0,137	1,395	0,163	Rejected
DKM → ERM	Direct	0,555	7,163	0,000	0,453	0,552	7,067	0,000	Supported
GP → ERM	Direct	0,194	1,945	0,052	0,046	0,197	1,981	0,048	Supported*
ERM → P	Direct	0,474	4,873	0,000	0,068	0,361	2,712	0,007	Supported
GS → P	Direct	0,247	1,950	0,051	0,034	0,267	2,080	0,038	Supported*
DKM → P	Direct	−0,044	0,366	0,715	0,001	−0,025	0,205	0,838	Rejected
GP → P	Direct	−0,028	0,255	0,799	0,000	−0,043	0,377	0,706	Rejected
Firm size → P	Control	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	−0,051	0,689	0,491	Rejected
Firm maturity → P	Control	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	−0,025	0,291	0,771	Rejected

Direct relationship	Effect type	Direct β (without controls)	t value	p value	f²	Direct β (with controls)	t value	p value	Decision
GS → DKM	Direct	0,631	10,124	0,000	0,661	0,631	9,866	0,000	Supported
GS → GP	Direct	0,723	13,253	0,000	1,095	0,723	13,030	0,000	Supported
GS → ERM	Direct	0,138	1,414	0,157	0,022	0,137	1,395	0,163	Rejected
DKM → ERM	Direct	0,555	7,163	0,000	0,453	0,552	7,067	0,000	Supported
GP → ERM	Direct	0,194	1,945	0,052	0,046	0,197	1,981	0,048	Supported*
ERM → P	Direct	0,474	4,873	0,000	0,068	0,361	2,712	0,007	Supported
GS → P	Direct	0,247	1,950	0,051	0,034	0,267	2,080	0,038	Supported*
DKM → P	Direct	−0,044	0,366	0,715	0,001	−0,025	0,205	0,838	Rejected
GP → P	Direct	−0,028	0,255	0,799	0,000	−0,043	0,377	0,706	Rejected
Firm size → P	Control	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	−0,051	0,689	0,491	Rejected
Firm maturity → P	Control	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	−0,025	0,291	0,771	Rejected

Note(s):

*Decision changed after inclusion of control variables

Source(s): Own elaboration