Table 4 Synthesis of prior applications... | Emerald Publishing

Table 4

Synthesis of prior applications of FDM and BWM

Authors	Method	Domain	Objective	Findings
Zenouz, Rad, Centobelli, and Cerchione (2021)	BWM and fuzzy FTOPSIS	Food industry	to determine optimal systems for knowledge management	the observations demonstrate that social media presents an efficient, widely available, and functional infrastructure for the exchange of organizational information. To obtain a competitive edge, businesses ought to capitalize more on their social media platforms
Kazemi, Kim, and Kazemi (2021)	FDM and BWM	Construction projects	to evaluate the factors behind Iran's oil construction projects' delays	the findings revealed important factors, such as sanctions, inefficient government management systems, poor contractor management, technical and managerial shortcomings, financial problems, low equipment efficiency, worker productivity issues, changes in laws, inappropriate organizational structures, and fluctuations in material costs, all contribute to delays in Iran's oil construction projects
Petrudi et al. (2020)	FDM and BWM	Higher education institutions (HEI)	to promote greater understanding and integration of performance evaluation in the context of HEI settings	the results show that “education” and “human capital” are the most crucial factors. Additionally, the most important performance metrics are “the number of patents and inventions,” “ratio of faculty/students,” and “students' satisfaction with teaching quality.”
Mishra, Singh, and Gunasekaran (2023)	FDM and Graphical Theory Matrix Approach	Steel industry	to determine, evaluate, and rank the hurdles to Industry 4.0 technology adoption for decarbonisation in the steel sector	the outcomes of the research showcase that the major obstacles to industrial adoption are a lack of enabling infrastructure, a lack of real-time control systems, and prolonged learning times as a result of inadequate knowledge transfer. 4.0 technology for steel industry decarbonization
Varchandi, Memari, and Jokar (2024)	BWM and fuzzy TOPSIS	Supply chain	to select a resilient-sustainable supplier after considering social, environmental, and economic aspects	demonstrates the effectiveness of BWM in producing reliable weights for the multi-criteria sustainability assessment of TBL results
Ghag and Sonar (2024)	FDM and BWM	Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)	to examine the environmental and social aspects of SME for sustainable entrepreneurship	the results support the prioritization of sustainability measures: high-weight (high-impact) practices yield a higher “sustainability return” when resources are constrained
Masoomi, Sahebi, Kumar, Ghobakhloo, and Iranmanesh (2025)	FDM, BWM, and DEMATEL	Industry 5.0 and the renewable energy sector	to provide a paradigm for attaining sustainability in the renewable energy sector by analysing Industry 5.0 facilitators and their interactions	the results reinforce supply chains' capabilities for social and environmental sustainability by offering novel perspectives on Industry 5.0

Authors	Method	Domain	Objective	Findings
Zenouz, Rad, Centobelli, and Cerchione (2021)	BWM and fuzzy FTOPSIS	Food industry	to determine optimal systems for knowledge management	the observations demonstrate that social media presents an efficient, widely available, and functional infrastructure for the exchange of organizational information. To obtain a competitive edge, businesses ought to capitalize more on their social media platforms
Kazemi, Kim, and Kazemi (2021)	FDM and BWM	Construction projects	to evaluate the factors behind Iran's oil construction projects' delays	the findings revealed important factors, such as sanctions, inefficient government management systems, poor contractor management, technical and managerial shortcomings, financial problems, low equipment efficiency, worker productivity issues, changes in laws, inappropriate organizational structures, and fluctuations in material costs, all contribute to delays in Iran's oil construction projects
Petrudi et al. (2020)	FDM and BWM	Higher education institutions (HEI)	to promote greater understanding and integration of performance evaluation in the context of HEI settings	the results show that “education” and “human capital” are the most crucial factors. Additionally, the most important performance metrics are “the number of patents and inventions,” “ratio of faculty/students,” and “students' satisfaction with teaching quality.”
Mishra, Singh, and Gunasekaran (2023)	FDM and Graphical Theory Matrix Approach	Steel industry	to determine, evaluate, and rank the hurdles to Industry 4.0 technology adoption for decarbonisation in the steel sector	the outcomes of the research showcase that the major obstacles to industrial adoption are a lack of enabling infrastructure, a lack of real-time control systems, and prolonged learning times as a result of inadequate knowledge transfer. 4.0 technology for steel industry decarbonization
Varchandi, Memari, and Jokar (2024)	BWM and fuzzy TOPSIS	Supply chain	to select a resilient-sustainable supplier after considering social, environmental, and economic aspects	demonstrates the effectiveness of BWM in producing reliable weights for the multi-criteria sustainability assessment of TBL results
Ghag and Sonar (2024)	FDM and BWM	Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)	to examine the environmental and social aspects of SME for sustainable entrepreneurship	the results support the prioritization of sustainability measures: high-weight (high-impact) practices yield a higher “sustainability return” when resources are constrained
Masoomi, Sahebi, Kumar, Ghobakhloo, and Iranmanesh (2025)	FDM, BWM, and DEMATEL	Industry 5.0 and the renewable energy sector	to provide a paradigm for attaining sustainability in the renewable energy sector by analysing Industry 5.0 facilitators and their interactions	the results reinforce supply chains' capabilities for social and environmental sustainability by offering novel perspectives on Industry 5.0