LPM estimation, heterogeneity analysis
| Variables | ECD index | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residence | Wealth | Mother's work status | ||||
| Panel | Urban | Rural | Poorest 40% | Richest 60% | Work | No work |
| HEA index | 0.089*** (0.028) | 0.013 (0.047) | 0.080*** (0.027) | 0.037 (0.054) | 0.261*** (0.078) | 0.067*** (0.020) |
| # of obs | 2,684 | 596 | 2,006 | 1,274 | 330 | 2,950 |
| R-squared | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.08 |
| Variables | ECD index | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residence | Wealth | Mother's work status | ||||
| Panel | Urban | Rural | Poorest 40% | Richest 60% | Work | No work |
| HEA index | 0.089*** (0.028) | 0.013 (0.047) | 0.080*** (0.027) | 0.037 (0.054) | 0.261*** (0.078) | 0.067*** (0.020) |
| # of obs | 2,684 | 596 | 2,006 | 1,274 | 330 | 2,950 |
| R-squared | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.08 |
| Region | Maternal age group | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panel | Central | North | South | <25 | 25–34 | 35+ |
| HEA index | 0.044 (0.036) | 0.102*** (0.036) | 0.063 (0.061) | 0.001 (0.067) | 0.070** (0.032) | 0.121*** (0.044) |
| # of obs | 1,413 | 1,140 | 727 | 393 | 1,795 | 1,092 |
| Rˆ2 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.11 |
| Region | Maternal age group | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panel | Central | North | South | <25 | 25–34 | 35+ |
| HEA index | 0.044 (0.036) | 0.102*** (0.036) | 0.063 (0.061) | 0.001 (0.067) | 0.070** (0.032) | 0.121*** (0.044) |
| # of obs | 1,413 | 1,140 | 727 | 393 | 1,795 | 1,092 |
| Rˆ2 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.11 |
Note(s): Control variable that corresponds to the main variable of interest in each regression are excluded to avoid multicollinearity. For example, when examining heterogeneity by place of residence or region, the rural residence variable is omitted from the set of controls. Robust standard errors in parentheses clustered at the altitude in meters to sea level. All the regressions include governorates and child age in months dummies, controls variables as Table 2, *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01. The mean of dependent variable is 0.76
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