Table 2

Timeline of China's financial inclusion journey

YearTimeline of events
1950sEstablishment of rural credit cooperatives (RCCs)
2000sRapid marketization and privatization of the financial sector in China led to the closure of tens of thousands of financial service providers in rural areas
2013The Chinese Communist Party (CPC) officially proposed to “develop inclusive finance” to deepen financial inclusion in China on November 12 in 2013
2015–2020Emergence of development-oriented financial service providers, policy banks and nonbank digital payment platforms such as fintech, bigtech and social finance networks to accelerate financial inclusion in China

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