Table A1

Summary of the designated modes of retirement within the analysed articles

Item*Number of identified exit routes/pathwaysNames of identified exit routes/pathways
16 (only paths leading to unretirement)(1) Work-- >Full Retirement-- >Full Retirement.
(2) Work-- >Full Retirement-- >Part-Time Work
(3) Work-- >Full Retirement-- >Full-Time Work
(4) Work-- >Partial Retirement-- >Partial Retirement
(5) Work-- >Partial Retirement-- >Full Retirement
(6) Work-- >Partial Retirement-- >Full-Time Work
24 in Germany and 5 in UKUK:
 (1) traditional: full-time employment
 (2) early entry: transitional occupational pension: male and female
 (3) disability
 (4) non-standard employment: self-employment and part-time employment
 (5) non-standard employment: spouses' previous employers' pension and entry at state pension age
Germany:
 (1) traditional: full-time employment
 (2) early entry: unemployment/pre-retirement
 (3) disability
 (3) non-standard employment: self-employment and part-time employment
 (4) non-employment: widow pension and no own income until state pension age
33(1) the complete retirement type,
(2) the hopping type of post-retirement,
(3) the continuity type of post-retirement
47A. Full retirement
  (1) full-time work, no benefits - > two benefits, no work
  (2) full-time work, no benefits - > one benefit, no work
B. Partial retirement
  (3) work, no benefits - > work and benefit(s)
  (4) work, one benefit - > two benefits, may have work
C. Other
  (5) work and benefit(s) - > benefit(s) - no work
  (6) no work, no benefits - > benefit(s), may have work
  (7) no work, one benefit - > two benefits, may have work
58(1) standard retirement
(2) late retirement
(3) unemployment
(4) disability
(5) long-term disability
(6) part-time retirement
(7) early retirement
(8) death
68A. Early/on time retirement trajectories:
 (1) early/on time retirement in good health
 (2) early/on time retirement in intermediate health
 (3) early/on time retirement in poor health
B. Late retirement trajectories:
 (4) partial retirement in good health
 (5) partial retirement in intermediate health
 (6) late retirement in poor health
C. Out of the labour force trajectories:
 (7) out of the labour force in heterogeneous health
 (8) early death
75(1) delayed entry pathway
(2) orderly pathway
(3) high-geared pathway
(4) steady part-time pathway
(5) intermittent pathway
812A. Early retirement
  (1) anticipated exit
  (2) anticipated exit from full-time job
  (3) early exit
B. On-time retirement
  (4) retirement at FPA from a full-time job
  (5) retirement around FPA from a full-time job
  (6) retirement around FPA from part-time job
C. Extended working life pathways
  (7) late retirement from a full-time job
  (8) late retirement from part-time job
  (9) gradual retirement
D. Retirement from no job
  (10) retirement around FPA from out of the labour force
  (11) late retirement around FPA from out of the labour force
  (12) retirement around FPA from disability
96(1) specific vocational preparation
(2) unemployment
(3) physical demands
(4) return on experience
(5) occupational growth
(6) out of the labour force
109(1) employment average high
(2) employment high
(3) employment average low
(4) employment low/marginal
(5) early retirement
(6) mix (caregiving plus marginal employment)
(7) unemployment
(8) voluntary (contributions, self-employed)
(9) no contact with GRV
111(1) bridge employment
12not applicablenot applicable
138(1) standard retirement
(2) long career
(3) early retirement
(4) part-time retirement
(5) unemployment
(6) disability
(7) long-term disability
(8) death
1410(1) Wealthy Business Owners
(2) Independent Contractors/Gig Workers with Financially Delayed Retirement (low earnings).
(3) Great EQ (employment quality) to Well-off Retirement (high income, health insurance, paid leave)
(4) Good EQ to Well-off Retirement (lower income, health insurance, paid leave)
(5) Fair EQ to Good but Diminishing Wealth in Retirement
(6) Poor EQ to Delayed and Poor Retirement
(7) Minimally Attached and Returning to the Workforce
(8) Workers with Premature Mortality
(9) Minimally Attached and Well-off
(10) Unattached and Poor
158(1) full retirement - transitioning directly from full-time work to retirement
(2) gradual retirement- those who first reduced work hours
(3) unretirement- those re-entering the work force for full- or part-time work after a period in which the participant was identified as retired and did not work for pay
(4) always full-time work
(5) moves to part-time work
(6) unemployment → retirement - those with a period of unemployment immediately before retirement
(7) disability → retirement - those with a period of disability immediately before retirement
(8) complex pathways
167(1) late retirement
(2) early retirement
(3) premature retirement
(4) disability
(5) drop-out
(6) unemployment
(7) inactivity
17not appliednot applied
18Based on work status: 4
Based on current job status: 4		Based on work status
 A. not working since 49
 B. working since 49
  (1) working bridge jobs (full-time and part-time)
  (2) working a full-time career
  (3) working - other (marginal meaning)
  (4) not working now, but the last job was a full-time career or bridge job
Based on the current career status
 (1) career bridge (full-time and part-time)
 (2) still on career job
 (3) career out
 (4) career bridge out (full-time and part-time)
1931) still on a career job
2) moved to the bridge job
3) moved to no job
204(1) move to no job
(2) bridge jobs
(3) re-entry
(4) phased retirement
219 joint trajectories for wife and husband(1) husband: working full time, and wife: working full time
(2) husband: working full time, and wife: partially retired
(3) husband: working full time and wife: fully retired
(4) husband: partially retired, and wife: working full time
(5) husband: partially retired, and wife: partially retired
(6) husband: partially retired, and wife: fully retired
(7) husband: fully retired and wife: working full time
(8) husband: fully retired, and wife: partially retired
(9) husband: fully retired, and wife: fully retired
22not appliedThe multistate tables were estimated with transition ratios between the states: work-disability, in the labour force, retirement, and death, for single years from 50, separately for men and women
234(1) gradual retirees
(2) early retirees
(3) intermittent workers,
(4) derived beneficiaries
245(1) late labour market exits
(2) early pension withdrawal
(3) standard retirement
(4) low income from work
(5) early transitions into full retirement
(6) labour market exits via disability pensions
254(1) Early-Crisp
(2) Early-Gradual
(3) Late-Crisp
(4) Late-Gradual
268 possible states between which transitions can be observed throughout the work-retirement process(1) employed before SRA (statutory retirement age) without a pension
(2) employed beyond SRA without a pension
(3) employed before SRA with early pension
(4) Employed beyond SRA with early pension
For states 1–4, also such dimensions should be included:
  • -

    regular work duties

  • -

    part-time work

  • -

    lower work demands

  • -

    part-time work with lower work demands

  • -

    break from duties

(5) Non-employed before SRA with early pension
(6) Non-employed beyond SRA with early pension
For states 3–6, also such dimensions should be included:
  • -

    full pension

  • -

    partial pension

  • -

    disability pension

  • -

    other early pension

(7) Non-employed before SRA without early pension
(8) Non-employed beyond SRA without early pension
For states 7–8, also such dimensions should be included:
  • -

    unemployment

  • -

    economic inactivity

275(1) early retirement
(2) on-time retirement
(3) late retirement
(4) part-time work
(5) not in the labour market
281(1) unretirement:
 (a) reported being fully retired and recommenced full-time or part-time paid employment in a subsequent wave
 (b) began full-time work following partial retirement in a previous wave
29not appliednot applied
3081 transition patternsPathways were not named
3151) People who made a straightforward transition from work to retirement, the no-transfer group
2) People who have received only sickness benefits
3) People who have received a combination of disability pension and sickness benefit
4) People who received transfers related to unemployment
5) People who, before retirement, received a mixture of health- and unemployment-related transfers
323(0) no retirement transition (no retirement)
(1) retirement from work (full or part-time employment and full or part-time self-employment)
(2) retirement from unemployment
(3) retirement from other status (permanently disabled and/or/and unfit to work, fulfilling domestic tasks and care responsibilities, a pupil, student, in further training, engaging in unpaid work experience, in compulsory military community or service, and other inactive person)

Note(s): * Item numbers correspond to the articles listed in Table 1 

Source(s): Authors’ own work
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