Management and rank-and-file employee shares during the commitment period
| Variables | LSM | LN_LSM | LSRE | LN_LSRE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| PC | 0.0104* | 0.0607 | 0.0008*** | 0.2318*** |
| (1.946) | (1.498) | (2.725) | (3.660) | |
| RM* PC | −0.0157** | −0.1473** | −0.0010*** | −0.2650*** |
| (−2.309) | (−2.437) | (−4.176) | (−3.300) | |
| FIRST | 0.0705 | 0.6539 | 0.0009 | 0.4237 |
| (1.519) | (1.628) | (0.632) | (1.192) | |
| DUAL | −0.0021 | −0.0260 | 0.0003 | −0.0125 |
| (−0.492) | (−0.584) | (1.391) | (−0.173) | |
| SOE | −0.0157 | −0.0136 | −0.0002 | 0.0871 |
| (−1.620) | (−0.127) | (−0.423) | (0.585) | |
| SIZE | −0.0087 | −0.1582* | −0.0019*** | −0.6145*** |
| (−0.870) | (−1.902) | (−6.446) | (−7.934) | |
| LEV | 0.0096 | −0.0153 | −0.0009 | −0.4530 |
| (0.416) | (−0.063) | (−0.769) | (−0.881) | |
| ROA | −0.0098 | −0.3174 | 0.0025 | −0.3563 |
| (−0.182) | (−0.672) | (1.235) | (−0.706) | |
| MARGIN | −0.0240** | −0.1171 | −0.0010** | 0.0420 |
| (−2.263) | (−1.526) | (−2.115) | (0.577) | |
| WAGE | 0.0500*** | 0.4585*** | 0.0002 | −0.1536 |
| (4.593) | (5.544) | (0.320) | (−1.002) | |
| KY | 0.0273*** | 0.1195* | −0.0002 | −0.1073 |
| (2.989) | (1.716) | (−0.421) | (−1.021) | |
| CI | 0.0102*** | 0.1352*** | 0.0009*** | 0.2225*** |
| (3.981) | (7.338) | (6.346) | (8.489) | |
| TOBINQ | 0.0021 | 0.0019 | 0.0001 | 0.0380 |
| (0.824) | (0.090) | (0.766) | (0.838) | |
| CONSTANT | −0.3642 | −5.0753*** | 0.0400*** | 8.1027*** |
| (−1.445) | (−2.666) | (5.563) | (3.795) | |
| YEAR FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| FIRM FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| N | 924 | 924 | 924 | 924 |
| Adj. R2 | 0.569 | 0.598 | 0.556 | 0.402 |
| Variables | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| 0.0104* | 0.0607 | 0.0008*** | 0.2318*** | |
| (1.946) | (1.498) | (2.725) | (3.660) | |
| 0.0705 | 0.6539 | 0.0009 | 0.4237 | |
| (1.519) | (1.628) | (0.632) | (1.192) | |
| −0.0021 | −0.0260 | 0.0003 | −0.0125 | |
| (−0.492) | (−0.584) | (1.391) | (−0.173) | |
| −0.0157 | −0.0136 | −0.0002 | 0.0871 | |
| (−1.620) | (−0.127) | (−0.423) | (0.585) | |
| −0.0087 | −0.1582* | −0.0019*** | −0.6145*** | |
| (−0.870) | (−1.902) | (−6.446) | (−7.934) | |
| 0.0096 | −0.0153 | −0.0009 | −0.4530 | |
| (0.416) | (−0.063) | (−0.769) | (−0.881) | |
| −0.0098 | −0.3174 | 0.0025 | −0.3563 | |
| (−0.182) | (−0.672) | (1.235) | (−0.706) | |
| −0.0240** | −0.1171 | −0.0010** | 0.0420 | |
| (−2.263) | (−1.526) | (−2.115) | (0.577) | |
| 0.0500*** | 0.4585*** | 0.0002 | −0.1536 | |
| (4.593) | (5.544) | (0.320) | (−1.002) | |
| 0.0273*** | 0.1195* | −0.0002 | −0.1073 | |
| (2.989) | (1.716) | (−0.421) | (−1.021) | |
| 0.0102*** | 0.1352*** | 0.0009*** | 0.2225*** | |
| (3.981) | (7.338) | (6.346) | (8.489) | |
| 0.0021 | 0.0019 | 0.0001 | 0.0380 | |
| (0.824) | (0.090) | (0.766) | (0.838) | |
| −0.3642 | −5.0753*** | 0.0400*** | 8.1027*** | |
| (−1.445) | (−2.666) | (5.563) | (3.795) | |
| Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| 924 | 924 | 924 | 924 | |
| 0.569 | 0.598 | 0.556 | 0.402 |
Note(s): This table presents regression results for management and rank-and-file employee shares during the commitment period. The dependent variables in Columns (1) and (3) are management share (LSM) and rank-and-file employee share (LSRE), respectively. The dependent variables in Columns (2) and (4) are logarithmically converted forms of management share (LN_LSM) and rank-and-file employee share (LN_LSRE), respectively. See Appendix A for variable definitions. Our sample includes 924 firm-year observations. The t-statistics based on robust standard errors clustered by firms are presented in parentheses beneath each estimate. ***, ** and * indicate two-tailed statistical significance at the 1%, 5% and 10% levels, respectively
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