Table 1

Inclusive and exclusive criteria

Inclusion criteriaPurpose
 Phenomenon of interestThe researcher considered studies that discuss financial technology, financial inclusion, SMEs' external financing, Information asymmetry, fintech credit offerings, fintech innovation and fintech in developing economies
 Empirical studiesThe researcher conducted a comprehensive review of the literature based on empirical studies, encompassing quantitative, qualitative and mixed-method approaches
 Conceptual studiesThe researcher considered conceptual studies published in reputable peer-reviewed journals, conferences and book chapters (sections)
Unit of analysisFor the analysis, the researcher interrogated papers that are termed financial technology, or Fintech, or Digital financial inclusion
 Type of articleThe researcher considered only peer-reviewed journals, conference papers and book chapters written in the English language
 Research focus
Search coverage
The researcher considers only digital technology financing articles between 2015 and 2024
Exclusion criteriaPurpose
Phenomenon of interestThe researcher excluded literature that does not discuss our phenomenon of interest, using concepts and the relationship between concepts, explaining financial technology
Type of start-up studiedThe researcher excluded studies that focus on traditional bank-driven credit access to individuals and SMEs
 Unit of analysisThe researcher excluded literature about non-technology-based financial service studies
Focus of researchNon-scholarly peer-reviewed literature was excluded
Types of articlesThe researcher excluded journals, conference papers and book sections that are not peer-reviewed
 Search date exclusionWe excluded articles not published between 2015 and 2024

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